3x-ui/internal/web/service/inbound.go

// Package service provides business logic services for the 3x-ui web panel,
// including inbound/outbound management, user administration, settings, and Xray integration.
package service

import (
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"regexp"
	"slices"
	"sort"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/google/uuid"

	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v3/internal/amneziawg"
	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v3/internal/amneziawgnet"
	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v3/internal/database"
	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v3/internal/database/model"
	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v3/internal/logger"
	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v3/internal/mtproto"
	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v3/internal/tuic"
	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v3/internal/util/common"
	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v3/internal/util/netsafe"
	wgutil "github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v3/internal/util/wireguard"
	"github.com/mhsanaei/3x-ui/v3/internal/xray"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
)

type InboundService struct {
	clientService   ClientService
	fallbackService FallbackService
	// FromNodeSync marks a master push: the row was validated where the operator
	// acted, and a node that refuses it only falls out of sync.
	FromNodeSync bool
}

func normalizeTrafficResetDay(day int) int {
	if day < 1 {
		return 1
	}
	return min(day, 31)
}

func normalizeInboundShareAddrStrategy(strategy string) string {
	strategy = strings.TrimSpace(strategy)
	switch strategy {
	case "listen", "custom":
		return strategy
	default:
		return "node"
	}
}

func normalizeInboundShareAddress(inbound *model.Inbound) {
	if inbound == nil {
		return
	}
	if inbound.Protocol == model.MTProto {
		inbound.ShareAddrStrategy = "listen"
		inbound.ShareAddr = ""
		return
	}
	inbound.ShareAddrStrategy = normalizeInboundShareAddrStrategy(inbound.ShareAddrStrategy)
	if addr, err := normalizeInboundShareHost(inbound.ShareAddr); err == nil {
		inbound.ShareAddr = addr
	} else {
		inbound.ShareAddr = strings.TrimSpace(inbound.ShareAddr)
	}
}

func normalizeInboundShareAddressStrict(inbound *model.Inbound) error {
	if inbound == nil {
		return nil
	}
	if inbound.Protocol == model.MTProto {
		inbound.ShareAddrStrategy = "listen"
		inbound.ShareAddr = ""
		return nil
	}
	inbound.ShareAddrStrategy = normalizeInboundShareAddrStrategy(inbound.ShareAddrStrategy)
	addr, err := normalizeInboundShareHost(inbound.ShareAddr)
	if err != nil {
		return common.NewError("shareAddr must be a host or IP without scheme or port")
	}
	inbound.ShareAddr = addr
	return nil
}

func normalizeInboundShareHost(raw string) (string, error) {
	addr := strings.TrimSpace(raw)
	if addr == "" {
		return "", nil
	}
	if strings.Contains(addr, "://") || strings.HasPrefix(addr, "//") || strings.ContainsAny(addr, "/?#@") {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid share address %q", raw)
	}
	if strings.HasPrefix(addr, "[") {
		if !strings.HasSuffix(addr, "]") {
			return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid IPv6 host %q", raw)
		}
		ip := net.ParseIP(addr[1 : len(addr)-1])
		if ip == nil || ip.To4() != nil {
			return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid IPv6 host %q", raw)
		}
		return "[" + ip.String() + "]", nil
	}
	if strings.Contains(addr, ":") {
		if _, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(addr); err == nil {
			return "", fmt.Errorf("share address must not include port")
		}
		ip := net.ParseIP(addr)
		if ip == nil || ip.To4() != nil {
			return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid IPv6 host %q", raw)
		}
		return "[" + ip.String() + "]", nil
	}
	host, err := netsafe.NormalizeHost(addr)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return host, nil
}

func legacyMtprotoShareAddr(inbound *model.Inbound) string {
	if inbound == nil || inbound.Protocol != model.MTProto || strings.TrimSpace(inbound.ShareAddrStrategy) != "custom" {
		return ""
	}
	addr, err := normalizeInboundShareHost(inbound.ShareAddr)
	if err != nil {
		return ""
	}
	return addr
}

func normalizeInboundShareAddressColumns(tx *gorm.DB) error {
	if tx == nil || !tx.Migrator().HasColumn(&model.Inbound{}, "share_addr_strategy") {
		return nil
	}

	strategyExpr := `CASE TRIM(COALESCE(share_addr_strategy, '')) WHEN 'listen' THEN 'listen' WHEN 'custom' THEN 'custom' ELSE 'node' END`
	if err := tx.Exec(`UPDATE inbounds SET share_addr_strategy = ` + strategyExpr + ` WHERE share_addr_strategy IS NULL OR share_addr_strategy <> ` + strategyExpr).Error; err != nil {
		return err
	}
	hasShareAddr := tx.Migrator().HasColumn(&model.Inbound{}, "share_addr")
	if hasShareAddr {
		if err := tx.Exec(`UPDATE inbounds SET share_addr = TRIM(share_addr) WHERE share_addr IS NOT NULL AND share_addr <> TRIM(share_addr)`).Error; err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	if !hasShareAddr {
		return nil
	}
	var rows []struct {
		Id                int
		ShareAddrStrategy string
		ShareAddr         string
	}
	if err := tx.Model(&model.Inbound{}).Select("id", "share_addr_strategy", "share_addr").Find(&rows).Error; err != nil {
		return err
	}
	for _, row := range rows {
		strategy := normalizeInboundShareAddrStrategy(row.ShareAddrStrategy)
		addr, addrErr := normalizeInboundShareHost(row.ShareAddr)
		if addrErr != nil {
			strategy = "node"
			addr = ""
		}
		updates := map[string]any{}
		if strategy != row.ShareAddrStrategy {
			updates["share_addr_strategy"] = strategy
		}
		if addr != row.ShareAddr {
			updates["share_addr"] = addr
		}
		if len(updates) > 0 {
			if err := tx.Model(&model.Inbound{}).Where("id = ?", row.Id).Updates(updates).Error; err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// GetInbounds retrieves all inbounds for a specific user with client stats.
func (s *InboundService) GetInbounds(userId int) ([]*model.Inbound, error) {
	db := database.GetDB()
	var inbounds []*model.Inbound
	err := db.Model(model.Inbound{}).Preload("ClientStats").Where("user_id = ?", userId).Order("id ASC").Find(&inbounds).Error
	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
		return nil, err
	}
	s.enrichClientStats(db, inbounds)
	s.annotateFallbackParents(db, inbounds)
	s.annotateLocalOriginGuid(inbounds)
	return inbounds, nil
}

// annotateLocalOriginGuid fills OriginNodeGuid for this panel's OWN inbounds
// (NodeID == nil) with the panel's stable GUID; inbounds synced from a node
// already carry the originating node's GUID. Read-time only (not persisted) so
// the per-inbound online view can scope by GUID uniformly across a chain of
// nodes (#4983).
func (s *InboundService) annotateLocalOriginGuid(inbounds []*model.Inbound) {
	if len(inbounds) == 0 {
		return
	}
	guid := s.panelGuid()
	if guid == "" {
		return
	}
	for _, ib := range inbounds {
		if ib.OriginNodeGuid == "" && ib.NodeID == nil {
			ib.OriginNodeGuid = guid
		}
	}
}

// GetInboundsSlim returns the same list of inbounds as GetInbounds but
// strips every per-client field other than email / enable / comment from
// settings.clients and skips UUID/SubId enrichment on ClientStats. The
// inbounds page only needs those three to roll up client counts and
// render badges, so this trims tens of bytes per client (UUID, password,
// flow, security, totalGB, expiryTime, limitIp, tgId, ...) which adds
// up fast on installs with thousands of clients.
//
// Full client data is still available through GET /panel/api/inbounds/get/:id
// for the edit/info/qr/export/clone flows that need it.
func (s *InboundService) GetInboundsSlim(userId int) ([]*model.Inbound, error) {
	db := database.GetDB()
	var inbounds []*model.Inbound
	err := db.Model(model.Inbound{}).Preload("ClientStats").Where("user_id = ?", userId).Order("id ASC").Find(&inbounds).Error
	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
		return nil, err
	}
	s.annotateFallbackParents(db, inbounds)
	s.annotateLocalOriginGuid(inbounds)
	// Top up stats rows owned by sibling inbounds (multi-attached clients)
	// so the list's depleted/expiring badges see every client; the UUID/SubId
	// enrichment stays skipped. Must run before slimming strips the settings.
	s.backfillClientStats(db, inbounds)
	// Slim feeds the panel UI only (masters poll the full list), so the badge
	// math may see the cross-panel totals a master pushed.
	s.overlayInboundsClientStats(db, inbounds)
	for _, ib := range inbounds {
		ib.Settings = slimSettingsClients(ib.Settings)
	}
	return inbounds, nil
}

// slimSettingsClients rewrites the inbound settings JSON so settings.clients[]
// keeps only the fields the list view actually reads. Returns the input
// unchanged when the JSON can't be parsed or has no clients array.
func slimSettingsClients(settings string) string {
	if settings == "" {
		return settings
	}
	var raw map[string]any
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(settings), &raw); err != nil {
		return settings
	}
	clients, ok := raw["clients"].([]any)
	if !ok || len(clients) == 0 {
		return settings
	}
	slim := make([]any, 0, len(clients))
	for _, entry := range clients {
		c, ok := entry.(map[string]any)
		if !ok {
			continue
		}
		row := make(map[string]any, 3)
		if v, ok := c["email"]; ok {
			row["email"] = v
		}
		if v, ok := c["enable"]; ok {
			row["enable"] = v
		}
		if v, ok := c["comment"]; ok && v != "" {
			row["comment"] = v
		}
		slim = append(slim, row)
	}
	raw["clients"] = slim
	out, err := json.Marshal(raw)
	if err != nil {
		return settings
	}
	return string(out)
}

// annotateFallbackParents fills FallbackParent on each inbound that is
// the child side of a fallback rule. One DB round-trip serves the full
// list — the frontend needs this to rewrite the child's client-share
// link so it points at the master's reachable endpoint.
func (s *InboundService) annotateFallbackParents(db *gorm.DB, inbounds []*model.Inbound) {
	if len(inbounds) == 0 {
		return
	}
	childIds := make([]int, 0, len(inbounds))
	for _, ib := range inbounds {
		childIds = append(childIds, ib.Id)
	}
	var rows []model.InboundFallback
	if err := db.Where("child_id IN ?", childIds).
		Order("sort_order ASC, id ASC").
		Find(&rows).Error; err != nil {
		return
	}
	first := make(map[int]model.InboundFallback, len(rows))
	for _, r := range rows {
		if _, ok := first[r.ChildId]; !ok {
			first[r.ChildId] = r
		}
	}
	for _, ib := range inbounds {
		if r, ok := first[ib.Id]; ok {
			ib.FallbackParent = &model.FallbackParentInfo{
				MasterId: r.MasterId,
				Path:     r.Path,
			}
		}
	}
}

type InboundOption struct {
	Id             int    `json:"id" example:"1"`
	Remark         string `json:"remark" example:"VLESS-443"`
	Tag            string `json:"tag" example:"in-443-tcp"`
	Protocol       string `json:"protocol" example:"vless"`
	Port           int    `json:"port" example:"443"`
	Enable         bool   `json:"enable" example:"true"`
	Network        string `json:"network,omitempty"`
	Security       string `json:"security,omitempty"`
	TlsFlowCapable bool   `json:"tlsFlowCapable" example:"true"`
	SsMethod       string `json:"ssMethod"`
	WgPublicKey    string `json:"wgPublicKey,omitempty"`
	WgMtu          int    `json:"wgMtu,omitempty"`
	WgDns          string `json:"wgDns,omitempty"`
	MtprotoDomain  string `json:"mtprotoDomain,omitempty"`
	// AwgServer carries the full AmneziaWG server block (keys, subnet,
	// obfuscation params) so the clients page can render a downloadable
	// per-client .conf without a second round trip.
	AwgServer  *amneziawg.ServerSettings `json:"awgServer,omitempty"`
	TuicServer *tuic.TuicServerSettings  `json:"tuicServer,omitempty"`
	// Hosting node; nil for this panel's own inbounds. Lets the clients
	// page map a node filter onto inbound IDs (#4997).
	NodeId *int `json:"nodeId,omitempty"`
	// Share-host resolution inputs, mirroring the subscription's
	// resolveInboundAddress so the clients page renders a node-managed WireGuard
	// Endpoint that points at the node, not the master panel. NodeAddress is the
	// hosting node's externally reachable address (empty for this panel's own
	// inbounds); Listen and ShareAddrStrategy/ShareAddr feed the same
	// node→listen→custom fallback the share/QR links already use.
	NodeAddress       string `json:"nodeAddress,omitempty"`
	Listen            string `json:"listen,omitempty"`
	ShareAddr         string `json:"shareAddr,omitempty"`
	ShareAddrStrategy string `json:"shareAddrStrategy,omitempty"`
}

func (s *InboundService) GetInboundOptions(userId int) ([]InboundOption, error) {
	db := database.GetDB()
	var rows []struct {
		Id                int    `gorm:"column:id"`
		Remark            string `gorm:"column:remark"`
		Tag               string `gorm:"column:tag"`
		Protocol          string `gorm:"column:protocol"`
		Port              int    `gorm:"column:port"`
		Enable            bool   `gorm:"column:enable"`
		StreamSettings    string `gorm:"column:stream_settings"`
		Settings          string `gorm:"column:settings"`
		Listen            string `gorm:"column:listen"`
		ShareAddr         string `gorm:"column:share_addr"`
		ShareAddrStrategy string `gorm:"column:share_addr_strategy"`
		NodeId            *int   `gorm:"column:node_id"`
		NodeAddress       string `gorm:"column:node_address"`
		DisableFlow       bool   `gorm:"column:disable_flow"`
	}
	err := db.Table("inbounds").
		Select("inbounds.id, inbounds.remark, inbounds.tag, inbounds.protocol, inbounds.port, inbounds.enable, inbounds.stream_settings, inbounds.settings, inbounds.listen, inbounds.share_addr, inbounds.share_addr_strategy, inbounds.node_id, COALESCE(nodes.address, '') AS node_address, inbounds.disable_flow").
		Joins("LEFT JOIN nodes ON nodes.id = inbounds.node_id").
		Where("inbounds.user_id = ?", userId).
		Order("inbounds.id ASC").
		Scan(&rows).Error
	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
		return nil, err
	}
	out := make([]InboundOption, 0, len(rows))
	for _, r := range rows {
		wgPublicKey, wgMtu, wgDns := inboundWireguardHints(r.Protocol, r.Settings)
		netHint, secHint := inboundStreamHints(r.Protocol, r.StreamSettings, r.Settings)
		shareAddrStrategy := r.ShareAddrStrategy
		if shareAddrStrategy == "node" {
			shareAddrStrategy = ""
		}
		out = append(out, InboundOption{
			Id:                r.Id,
			Remark:            r.Remark,
			Tag:               r.Tag,
			Protocol:          r.Protocol,
			Port:              r.Port,
			Enable:            r.Enable,
			Network:           netHint,
			Security:          secHint,
			TlsFlowCapable:    !r.DisableFlow && inboundCanEnableTlsFlow(r.Protocol, r.StreamSettings, r.Settings),
			SsMethod:          inboundShadowsocksMethod(r.Protocol, r.Settings),
			WgPublicKey:       wgPublicKey,
			WgMtu:             wgMtu,
			WgDns:             wgDns,
			MtprotoDomain:     inboundMtprotoDomain(r.Protocol, r.Settings),
			AwgServer:         inboundAmneziaWGServer(r.Protocol, r.Settings),
			TuicServer:        inboundTuicServer(r.Protocol, r.Settings),
			NodeId:            r.NodeId,
			NodeAddress:       r.NodeAddress,
			Listen:            r.Listen,
			ShareAddr:         r.ShareAddr,
			ShareAddrStrategy: shareAddrStrategy,
		})
	}
	return out, nil
}

func inboundStreamHints(protocol string, streamSettings string, settings string) (string, string) {
	p := strings.ToLower(protocol)
	if p == "wireguard" || p == "amneziawg" || p == "hysteria" {
		return "udp", ""
	}
	var netHint, secHint string
	if strings.TrimSpace(streamSettings) != "" {
		var raw struct {
			Network  string `json:"network"`
			Security string `json:"security"`
		}
		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(streamSettings), &raw); err == nil {
			netHint = raw.Network
			secHint = raw.Security
		}
	}
	if netHint == "" && strings.TrimSpace(settings) != "" {
		var raw struct {
			Network        string `json:"network"`
			AllowedNetwork string `json:"allowedNetwork"`
			UDP            bool   `json:"udp"`
		}
		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(settings), &raw); err == nil {
			if raw.Network != "" {
				netHint = raw.Network
			} else if raw.AllowedNetwork != "" {
				netHint = raw.AllowedNetwork
			} else if raw.UDP {
				netHint = "tcp,udp"
			}
		}
	}
	if netHint == "" {
		netHint = "tcp"
	}
	return netHint, secHint
}

func inboundWireguardHints(protocol string, settings string) (string, int, string) {
	if protocol != string(model.WireGuard) || strings.TrimSpace(settings) == "" {
		return "", 0, ""
	}
	var parsed struct {
		PublicKey string `json:"publicKey"`
		PubKey    string `json:"pubKey"`
		SecretKey string `json:"secretKey"`
		MTU       int    `json:"mtu"`
		DNS       string `json:"dns"`
	}
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(settings), &parsed); err != nil {
		return "", 0, ""
	}
	publicKey := parsed.PublicKey
	if publicKey == "" {
		publicKey = parsed.PubKey
	}
	if publicKey == "" && parsed.SecretKey != "" {
		if derived, err := wgutil.PublicKeyFromPrivate(parsed.SecretKey); err == nil {
			publicKey = derived
		}
	}
	return publicKey, parsed.MTU, parsed.DNS
}

// inboundAmneziaWGServer returns the AmneziaWG server block for the clients
// page's config-download builder, or nil when the inbound isn't AmneziaWG or
// its settings don't parse. PrivateKey is redacted: GetInboundOptions is a
// shared, admin-wide list used to fill dropdowns, not a place a live tunnel
// secret needs to travel — the frontend's own AwgServerOptionSchema never
// reads it, so nothing is lost by not sending it, and it shouldn't widen the
// blast radius of a log capture, proxy cache, or browser devtools screenshot.
func inboundAmneziaWGServer(protocol string, settings string) *amneziawg.ServerSettings {
	if protocol != string(model.AmneziaWG) || strings.TrimSpace(settings) == "" {
		return nil
	}
	var parsed amneziawg.InboundSettings
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(settings), &parsed); err != nil || parsed.Server == nil {
		return nil
	}
	redacted := *parsed.Server
	redacted.PrivateKey = ""
	return &redacted
}

func inboundTuicServer(protocol string, settings string) *tuic.TuicServerSettings {
	if protocol != string(model.TUIC) || strings.TrimSpace(settings) == "" {
		return nil
	}
	var parsed struct {
		Server *tuic.TuicServerSettings `json:"server"`
	}
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(settings), &parsed); err != nil || parsed.Server == nil {
		return nil
	}
	redacted := *parsed.Server
	redacted.PrivateKey = ""
	return &redacted
}

// inboundMtprotoDomain returns the inbound-level FakeTLS default domain, used by
// the clients UI to seed a new mtproto client's secret with the right fronting
// hostname.
func inboundMtprotoDomain(protocol string, settings string) string {
	if protocol != string(model.MTProto) || strings.TrimSpace(settings) == "" {
		return ""
	}
	var parsed struct {
		FakeTLSDomain string `json:"fakeTlsDomain"`
	}
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(settings), &parsed); err != nil {
		return ""
	}
	return strings.TrimSpace(parsed.FakeTLSDomain)
}

// GetAllInbounds retrieves all inbounds with client stats.
func (s *InboundService) GetAllInbounds() ([]*model.Inbound, error) {
	db := database.GetDB()
	var inbounds []*model.Inbound
	err := db.Model(model.Inbound{}).Preload("ClientStats").Find(&inbounds).Error
	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
		return nil, err
	}
	s.enrichClientStats(db, inbounds)
	return inbounds, nil
}

func (s *InboundService) GetInboundsByTrafficReset(period string) ([]*model.Inbound, error) {
	db := database.GetDB()
	var inbounds []*model.Inbound
	err := db.Model(model.Inbound{}).Where("traffic_reset = ?", period).Find(&inbounds).Error
	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
		return nil, err
	}
	return inbounds, nil
}

func (s *InboundService) GetClients(inbound *model.Inbound) ([]model.Client, error) {
	return ParseInboundSettingsClients(inbound.Settings)
}

// GetClientsBySubId returns the inbound's clients with the given subscription
// id, resolved from the normalized clients tables (the same source the running
// Xray users are built from) instead of parsing the settings JSON blob.
func (s *InboundService) GetClientsBySubId(inboundId int, subId string) ([]model.Client, error) {
	return s.clientService.ListForInboundBySubId(nil, inboundId, subId)
}

// ListClientsForInbound returns every client attached to the inbound from the
// normalized clients tables — the same source the running Xray config uses —
// instead of parsing the embedded settings JSON, which can hold a stale UUID
// after a client identity change (#6436).
func (s *InboundService) ListClientsForInbound(inboundId int) ([]model.Client, error) {
	return s.clientService.ListForInbound(nil, inboundId)
}

func (s *InboundService) GetAllEmails() ([]string, error) {
	db := database.GetDB()
	var emails []string
	query := fmt.Sprintf(
		"SELECT DISTINCT %s %s",
		database.JSONFieldText("client.value", "email"),
		database.JSONClientsFromInbound(),
	)
	if err := db.Raw(query).Scan(&emails).Error; err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return emails, nil
}

// emailSubIDsForClients returns lower(email)→subId for just the emails being
// checked. One clients row owns an email's identity, so the answer no longer
// needs a scan of every inbound's settings JSON (#6252).
func (s *InboundService) emailSubIDsForClients(clients []model.Client) (map[string]string, error) {
	want := make(map[string]struct{}, len(clients))
	for i := range clients {
		if email := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(clients[i].Email)); email != "" {
			want[email] = struct{}{}
		}
	}
	result := make(map[string]string, len(want))
	if len(want) == 0 {
		return result, nil
	}
	lowered := make([]string, 0, len(want))
	for email := range want {
		lowered = append(lowered, email)
	}
	db := database.GetDB()
	for _, batch := range chunkStrings(lowered, sqlInChunk) {
		var rows []struct {
			Email string
			SubID string `gorm:"column:sub_id"`
		}
		err := db.Model(&model.ClientRecord{}).
			Select("email, sub_id").
			Where("LOWER(email) IN ?", batch).
			Scan(&rows).Error
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		for _, r := range rows {
			result[strings.ToLower(r.Email)] = r.SubID
		}
	}
	return result, nil
}

// normalizeStreamSettings clears StreamSettings for protocols that don't use it.
// Only vmess, vless, trojan, shadowsocks, hysteria, wireguard, and tunnel
// protocols use streamSettings (wireguard for finalmask UDP masks and sockopt on
// its listener; tunnel for sockopt, notably sockopt.tproxy for its TProxy/redirect
// mode). Streams keyed on "method" — xray-core v26.7.11's preferred alias for
// "network" — are canonicalized to "network", which every panel reader (link
// generation, port-conflict detection, flow eligibility) keys on.
func (s *InboundService) normalizeStreamSettings(inbound *model.Inbound) {
	protocolsWithStream := map[model.Protocol]bool{
		model.VMESS:       true,
		model.VLESS:       true,
		model.Trojan:      true,
		model.Shadowsocks: true,
		model.Hysteria:    true,
		model.WireGuard:   true,
		model.Tunnel:      true,
	}

	if !protocolsWithStream[inbound.Protocol] {
		inbound.StreamSettings = ""
		return
	}
	inbound.StreamSettings = canonicalizeStreamNetworkKey(inbound.StreamSettings)
}

// canonicalizeStreamNetworkKey rewrites a streamSettings JSON that names its
// transport under "method" to the panel-canonical "network" key. When both
// keys are present, "method" wins — matching xray-core's own precedence.
func canonicalizeStreamNetworkKey(streamSettings string) string {
	if streamSettings == "" {
		return streamSettings
	}
	var stream map[string]any
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(streamSettings), &stream); err != nil {
		return streamSettings
	}
	method, ok := stream["method"].(string)
	if !ok || method == "" {
		return streamSettings
	}
	stream["network"] = method
	delete(stream, "method")
	out, err := json.MarshalIndent(stream, "", "  ")
	if err != nil {
		return streamSettings
	}
	return string(out)
}

// validateInboundTLSCertificates rejects incomplete TLS credentials before a save
// can restart Xray. File paths belong to the node, so only presence is checked.
func validateInboundTLSCertificates(streamSettings string) error {
	if strings.TrimSpace(streamSettings) == "" {
		return nil
	}
	var stream struct {
		Security    string          `json:"security"`
		TLSSettings json.RawMessage `json:"tlsSettings"`
	}
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(streamSettings), &stream); err != nil {
		return common.NewError("Invalid inbound stream settings: ", err)
	}
	if !strings.EqualFold(stream.Security, "tls") {
		return nil
	}
	var settings struct {
		Certificates []struct {
			CertificateFile string   `json:"certificateFile"`
			KeyFile         string   `json:"keyFile"`
			Certificate     []string `json:"certificate"`
			Key             []string `json:"key"`
			Usage           string   `json:"usage"`
		} `json:"certificates"`
	}
	if len(stream.TLSSettings) > 0 {
		if err := json.Unmarshal(stream.TLSSettings, &settings); err != nil {
			return common.NewError("Invalid inbound TLS settings: ", err)
		}
	}
	hasServerCertificate := false
	for i, cert := range settings.Certificates {
		// Match Xray's file-over-inline precedence for each credential.
		certificate := cert.CertificateFile
		if certificate == "" {
			certificate = strings.Join(cert.Certificate, "\n")
		}
		if strings.TrimSpace(certificate) == "" {
			return common.NewErrorf("TLS certificate %d is missing. Configure a certificate file path or certificate content before saving the inbound.", i+1)
		}
		if strings.EqualFold(cert.Usage, "verify") {
			continue
		}
		key := cert.KeyFile
		if key == "" {
			key = strings.Join(cert.Key, "\n")
		}
		if strings.TrimSpace(key) == "" {
			return common.NewErrorf("TLS certificate %d is missing its private key. Configure a private key file path or private key content before saving the inbound.", i+1)
		}
		hasServerCertificate = true
	}
	if !hasServerCertificate {
		return common.NewError("TLS requires a server certificate and private key. Configure an encipherment or issue certificate before saving the inbound.")
	}
	return nil
}

// finalMaskRealityTcpMasks returns the stream's finalmask.tcp masks when the
// stream uses REALITY security, or nil otherwise. A non-empty result means
// this stream carries the finalmask+REALITY combination that panics
// Xray-core (see https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core/issues/6453): finalmask
// wraps the connection before REALITY's handshake ever sees it, and
// reality.Server() does an unchecked type assertion assuming a raw
// *net.TCPConn, which panics once finalmask is in front of it.
//
// Only finalmask.tcp matters here — TcpmaskManager (the thing that wraps the
// listener ahead of REALITY's handshake, in xray-core's own
// transport/internet/memory_settings.go) is only constructed when tcp masks
// are present; a finalmask.udp-only config never touches the TCP accept path
// REALITY runs on, so it doesn't reproduce this panic and shouldn't be
// rejected.
func finalMaskRealityTcpMasks(stream map[string]any) []any {
	if stream["security"] != "reality" {
		return nil
	}
	finalmask, ok := stream["finalmask"].(map[string]any)
	if !ok {
		return nil
	}
	tcp, _ := finalmask["tcp"].([]any)
	return tcp
}

// validateFinalMaskRealityCombo rejects finalmask.tcp configured together
// with REALITY security at save time. Upstream has confirmed this
// combination will be documented as unsupported rather than made graceful,
// so the panel must not let it be saved.
func validateFinalMaskRealityCombo(streamSettings string) error {
	if streamSettings == "" {
		return nil
	}
	var stream map[string]any
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(streamSettings), &stream); err != nil {
		return nil
	}
	if len(finalMaskRealityTcpMasks(stream)) == 0 {
		return nil
	}
	return common.NewError("Finalmask is not supported with REALITY security — it crashes Xray-core on the first connection (see XTLS/Xray-core#6453). Remove the finalmask configuration or switch security to tls/none.")
}

var xmcProfileUsernamePattern = regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Za-z0-9_]{3,16}$`)

// xmcMaskProfilesComplete reports whether an xmc finalmask carries the signed
// Minecraft session profiles xray-core has required since v26.7.28 (#6487).
// The core replaced the old `usernames` string list with `profiles` objects
// and removed the "default to Dream when empty" fallback, so a mask still on
// the legacy shape — or one whose profiles are incomplete — now fails
// conf.XMC.Build() and takes the entire config down with it rather than
// degrading that one inbound.
//
// The texture fields are a signed blob only Mojang's session server can issue
// (resolve the UUID by username, then fetch the profile with unsigned=false),
// so the panel cannot synthesize a valid profile from a legacy username; an
// incomplete mask can only be reported or dropped.
func xmcMaskProfilesComplete(mask map[string]any) bool {
	settings, ok := mask["settings"].(map[string]any)
	if !ok {
		return false
	}
	profiles, _ := settings["profiles"].([]any)
	if len(profiles) == 0 {
		return false
	}
	for _, entry := range profiles {
		profile, ok := entry.(map[string]any)
		if !ok {
			return false
		}
		username, _ := profile["username"].(string)
		if !xmcProfileUsernamePattern.MatchString(username) {
			return false
		}
		id, _ := profile["uuid"].(string)
		if _, err := uuid.Parse(id); err != nil {
			return false
		}
		if value, _ := profile["texturesValue"].(string); value == "" {
			return false
		}
		if signature, _ := profile["texturesSignature"].(string); signature == "" {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

// isIncompleteXmcMask reports whether a finalmask.tcp entry is an xmc mask
// xray-core would refuse to build.
func isIncompleteXmcMask(entry any) bool {
	mask, ok := entry.(map[string]any)
	if !ok {
		return false
	}
	if maskType, _ := mask["type"].(string); maskType != "xmc" {
		return false
	}
	return !xmcMaskProfilesComplete(mask)
}

// incompleteXmcMaskCount counts the stream's xmc finalmask entries that
// xray-core would refuse to build.
func incompleteXmcMaskCount(stream map[string]any) int {
	finalmask, ok := stream["finalmask"].(map[string]any)
	if !ok {
		return 0
	}
	tcp, _ := finalmask["tcp"].([]any)
	count := 0
	for _, entry := range tcp {
		if isIncompleteXmcMask(entry) {
			count++
		}
	}
	return count
}

// stripIncompleteXmcMasks removes every xmc finalmask entry xray-core would
// refuse to build, returning how many were dropped, and clears the finalmask
// object once nothing is left in it.
//
// AddInbound and UpdateInbound reject an incomplete mask at save time, but a
// row that never went through those paths — an upgrade from a panel predating
// v26.7.28, node sync, a restored backup, a direct DB edit — would otherwise
// fail the whole config build and keep every other inbound offline too.
// Dropping only the offending mask degrades that one inbound instead, which
// the accompanying warning tells the admin to reconfigure.
func stripIncompleteXmcMasks(stream map[string]any) int {
	finalmask, ok := stream["finalmask"].(map[string]any)
	if !ok {
		return 0
	}
	tcp, _ := finalmask["tcp"].([]any)
	if len(tcp) == 0 {
		return 0
	}
	kept := make([]any, 0, len(tcp))
	dropped := 0
	for _, entry := range tcp {
		if isIncompleteXmcMask(entry) {
			dropped++
			continue
		}
		kept = append(kept, entry)
	}
	if dropped == 0 {
		return 0
	}
	if len(kept) == 0 {
		delete(finalmask, "tcp")
	} else {
		finalmask["tcp"] = kept
	}
	if len(finalmask) == 0 {
		delete(stream, "finalmask")
	}
	return dropped
}

// dropEmptyRandPackets removes the leftover empty "packet" from finalmask
// items that also carry a rand, and reports how many it cleared.
//
// xray-core treats even an empty array as a packet, and every item kind is
// exclusive: noise refuses "len(item.Packet) > 0 && item.Rand.To > 0" and
// header-custom refuses "exactly one item kind must be set". Either error
// fails the whole config build, so one such item keeps every inbound offline.
// The panel's mask editor wrote that pair whenever an item was switched to the
// rand-driven array kind, so stored rows carry it; clearing an empty packet
// changes nothing about the mask the admin configured.
func dropEmptyRandPackets(node any) int {
	switch value := node.(type) {
	case map[string]any:
		cleared := 0
		if packet, ok := value["packet"].([]any); ok && len(packet) == 0 && randIsSet(value["rand"]) {
			delete(value, "packet")
			cleared++
		}
		for _, child := range value {
			cleared += dropEmptyRandPackets(child)
		}
		return cleared
	case []any:
		cleared := 0
		for _, child := range value {
			cleared += dropEmptyRandPackets(child)
		}
		return cleared
	default:
		return 0
	}
}

// randIsSet reports whether a finalmask item's rand selects a random packet.
// It is a number on header-custom items and a dash-range string on noise ones.
func randIsSet(value any) bool {
	switch rand := value.(type) {
	case float64:
		return rand > 0
	case string:
		return rand != "" && rand != "0" && rand != "0-0"
	default:
		return false
	}
}

// validateFinalMaskXmcProfiles rejects an xmc finalmask without complete
// profiles at save time, so the admin gets a targeted error instead of a core
// that refuses to start (or, after GetXrayConfig heals it, an inbound quietly
// serving without the obfuscation they configured).
func validateFinalMaskXmcProfiles(streamSettings string) error {
	if streamSettings == "" {
		return nil
	}
	var stream map[string]any
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(streamSettings), &stream); err != nil {
		return nil
	}
	if incompleteXmcMaskCount(stream) == 0 {
		return nil
	}
	return common.NewError("XMC finalmask requires at least one complete Minecraft profile — each needs a username (3-16 of A-Z a-z 0-9 _), a UUID, and both texture fields from Mojang's session server (XTLS/Xray-core#6487). Complete the profiles or remove the XMC mask.")
}

// normalizeMtprotoSecret rebuilds every mtproto client's FakeTLS secret so it is
// always valid before the row is persisted, and drops the vestigial inbound-level
// secret and adTag: MTProto is multi-client, so mtg and every share link read
// only the per-client values. Leaving an inbound-level secret behind is what
// produced stale links that failed with "incorrect client random".
func (s *InboundService) normalizeMtprotoSecret(inbound *model.Inbound) {
	if inbound.Protocol != model.MTProto {
		return
	}
	if stripped, ok := model.StripMtprotoInboundSecret(inbound.Settings); ok {
		inbound.Settings = stripped
	}
	if stripped, ok := model.StripMtprotoInboundAdTag(inbound.Settings); ok {
		inbound.Settings = stripped
	}
	if healed, ok := model.HealMtprotoClientSecrets(inbound.Settings); ok {
		inbound.Settings = healed
	}
}

// mtprotoRoutesThroughXray reports whether an mtproto inbound is configured to
// egress through the core's router (the loopback SOCKS bridge in §xray.go).
func mtprotoRoutesThroughXray(inbound *model.Inbound) bool {
	if inbound == nil || inbound.Protocol != model.MTProto {
		return false
	}
	var parsed struct {
		RouteThroughXray bool `json:"routeThroughXray"`
	}
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(inbound.Settings), &parsed); err != nil {
		return false
	}
	return parsed.RouteThroughXray
}

func settingsRouteXrayPort(parsed map[string]any) int {
	switch v := parsed["routeXrayPort"].(type) {
	case float64:
		return int(v)
	case int:
		return v
	case json.Number:
		if n, err := v.Int64(); err == nil {
			return int(n)
		}
	}
	return 0
}

func parseRouteXrayPort(settings string) int {
	if settings == "" {
		return 0
	}
	var parsed map[string]any
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(settings), &parsed); err != nil {
		return 0
	}
	return settingsRouteXrayPort(parsed)
}

// normalizeMtprotoXrayPort guarantees a routed mtproto inbound carries a stable
// loopback egress port in its settings, so the generated Xray SOCKS bridge and
// the mtg sidecar agree on where mtg dials out. The port is backend-owned: it is
// allocated once when routing is first enabled and preserved across edits
// (carried over from oldSettings, which wins over any value the client echoed
// back). When routing is off it — together with the now-inert outbound
// selection — is stripped so a disabled bridge leaves nothing stale behind.
//
// It returns an error when an egress port cannot be allocated or persisted, so
// the caller refuses the save rather than storing a routed-but-portless inbound,
// which would otherwise route no traffic and have its mtg metrics skipped (see
// mtproto_job) — silently losing its accounting.
func (s *InboundService) normalizeMtprotoXrayPort(inbound *model.Inbound, oldSettings string) error {
	if inbound.Protocol != model.MTProto {
		return nil
	}
	var parsed map[string]any
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(inbound.Settings), &parsed); err != nil || parsed == nil {
		return nil
	}
	routed, _ := parsed["routeThroughXray"].(bool)
	if !routed {
		_, hadPort := parsed["routeXrayPort"]
		_, hadTag := parsed["outboundTag"]
		if !hadPort && !hadTag {
			return nil
		}
		delete(parsed, "routeXrayPort")
		delete(parsed, "outboundTag")
		if bs, err := json.MarshalIndent(parsed, "", "  "); err == nil {
			inbound.Settings = string(bs)
		} else {
			logger.Warning("mtproto: failed to marshal settings after disabling routing:", err)
		}
		return nil
	}

	// Prefer the already-stored port (carried across edits), then any value the
	// client sent, then allocate a fresh one.
	port := parseRouteXrayPort(oldSettings)
	if port <= 0 {
		port = settingsRouteXrayPort(parsed)
	}
	if port <= 0 {
		allocated, err := mtproto.FreeLocalPort()
		if err != nil {
			return common.NewError("mtproto: could not allocate an Xray egress port:", err)
		}
		port = allocated
	}
	if settingsRouteXrayPort(parsed) == port {
		return nil
	}
	parsed["routeXrayPort"] = port
	bs, err := json.MarshalIndent(parsed, "", "  ")
	if err != nil {
		return common.NewError("mtproto: could not persist the Xray egress port:", err)
	}
	inbound.Settings = string(bs)
	return nil
}

// AddInbound creates a new inbound configuration.
// It validates port uniqueness, client email uniqueness, and required fields,
// then saves the inbound to the database and optionally adds it to the running Xray instance.
// Returns the created inbound, whether Xray needs restart, and any error.
func (s *InboundService) AddInbound(inbound *model.Inbound) (*model.Inbound, bool, error) {
	inbound.Id = 0
	legacyShareAddr := legacyMtprotoShareAddr(inbound)
	inbound.TrafficResetDay = normalizeTrafficResetDay(inbound.TrafficResetDay)
	// Normalize streamSettings based on protocol
	s.normalizeStreamSettings(inbound)
	if !s.FromNodeSync {
		if err := validateInboundTLSCertificates(inbound.StreamSettings); err != nil {
			return inbound, false, err
		}
	}
	if err := validateFinalMaskRealityCombo(inbound.StreamSettings); err != nil {
		return inbound, false, err
	}
	if err := validateFinalMaskXmcProfiles(inbound.StreamSettings); err != nil {
		return inbound, false, err
	}
	s.normalizeMtprotoSecret(inbound)
	if err := s.normalizeMtprotoXrayPort(inbound, ""); err != nil {
		return inbound, false, err
	}
	if err := s.normalizeAmneziaWGSettings(inbound, ""); err != nil {
		return inbound, false, err
	}
	if inbound.NodeID != nil && !isNodeEligibleProtocol(inbound.Protocol) {
		return inbound, false, common.NewErrorf("%s inbounds cannot be assigned to a node", inbound.Protocol)
	}
	inbound.SubSortIndex = normalizeSubSortIndex(inbound.SubSortIndex)
	if err := normalizeInboundShareAddressStrict(inbound); err != nil {
		return inbound, false, err
	}

	tag, err := s.resolveInboundTag(inbound, 0)
	if err != nil {
		return inbound, false, err
	}
	inbound.Tag = tag

	clients, err := s.GetClients(inbound)
	if err != nil {
		return inbound, false, err
	}
	existEmail, err := s.clientService.checkEmailsExistForClients(s, clients)
	if err != nil {
		return inbound, false, err
	}
	if existEmail != "" {
		return inbound, false, common.NewError("Duplicate email:", existEmail)
	}

	if inbound.DisableFlow {
		if stripped, changed := stripClientFlows(inbound.Settings); changed {
			inbound.Settings = stripped
		}
		for i := range clients {
			clients[i].Flow = ""
		}
	}

	// Ensure created_at and updated_at on clients in settings
	if len(clients) > 0 {
		var settings map[string]any
		if err2 := json.Unmarshal([]byte(inbound.Settings), &settings); err2 == nil && settings != nil {
			now := time.Now().Unix() * 1000
			updatedClients := make([]model.Client, 0, len(clients))
			for _, c := range clients {
				if c.CreatedAt == 0 {
					c.CreatedAt = now
				}
				c.UpdatedAt = now
				updatedClients = append(updatedClients, c)
			}
			settings["clients"] = updatedClients
			if bs, err3 := json.MarshalIndent(settings, "", "  "); err3 == nil {
				inbound.Settings = string(bs)
			} else {
				logger.Debug("Unable to marshal inbound settings with timestamps:", err3)
			}
		} else if err2 != nil {
			logger.Debug("Unable to parse inbound settings for timestamps:", err2)
		}
	}

	// Defensively fix any Shadowsocks-2022 client PSK whose length doesn't match
	// the inbound method (e.g. an API caller supplied a wrong-size key).
	if normalized, changed := normalizeShadowsocksClientKeys(inbound.Settings); changed {
		inbound.Settings = normalized
	}

	// Secure client ID
	for _, client := range clients {
		switch inbound.Protocol {
		case "trojan":
			if client.Password == "" {
				return inbound, false, common.NewError("empty client ID")
			}
		case "shadowsocks":
			if client.Email == "" {
				return inbound, false, common.NewError("empty client ID")
			}
		case "hysteria":
			if client.Auth == "" {
				return inbound, false, common.NewError("empty client ID")
			}
		case "wireguard", "amneziawg":
			if client.PublicKey == "" {
				return inbound, false, common.NewError("wireguard client requires a key")
			}
		case "mtproto":
			if client.Secret == "" {
				return inbound, false, common.NewError("mtproto client requires a secret")
			}
			if client.AdTag != "" && !model.ValidMtprotoAdTag(client.AdTag) {
				return inbound, false, common.NewError("mtproto client ad tag must be 32 hex characters")
			}
		case "tuic":
			if client.ID == "" {
				return inbound, false, common.NewError("empty client ID")
			}
			if client.Password == "" {
				return inbound, false, common.NewError("tuic client requires a password")
			}
			if client.Email == "" {
				return inbound, false, common.NewError("empty client email")
			}
		default:
			if client.ID == "" {
				return inbound, false, common.NewError("empty client ID")
			}
		}
	}

	needRestart := false
	var postCommitApply func()
	err = runSerializedTx(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
		conflict, cErr := checkPortConflictTx(tx, inbound, 0)
		if cErr != nil {
			return cErr
		}
		if conflict != nil {
			return common.NewError(conflict.String())
		}
		markDirty := false
		if err := tx.Omit("ClientStats").Save(inbound).Error; err != nil {
			return err
		}
		// The relay port is derived from the id, only known after Save; checkPortConflictTx
		// ran the reverse-direction check above with ignoreId==0, so it couldn't yet.
		if inbound.Protocol == model.AmneziaWG {
			if amneziawgnet.SOCKSPortForInbound(inbound.Id) > 65535 {
				return common.NewErrorf("amneziawg: inbound id %d exceeds the relay port window (ids above %d are not supported)",
					inbound.Id, 65535-amneziawgnet.SOCKSBasePort)
			}
			conflict, cErr := checkAmneziawgnetSocksReverseConflict(tx, inbound.Id)
			if cErr != nil {
				return cErr
			}
			if conflict != nil {
				return common.NewError(conflict.String())
			}
		}
		// Emails seeded here (import's ClientStats, e.g. the controller's forced
		// Enable=true on every imported stat row) are authoritative for this call
		// and must not be clobbered by the AddClientStat loop below, which derives
		// its enable/total/expiry/reset from Settings.clients[] instead — a second,
		// possibly-stale source for the same columns on a plain (non-import) create.
		statEmails := make(map[string]bool, len(inbound.ClientStats))
		for i := range inbound.ClientStats {
			if inbound.ClientStats[i].Email == "" {
				continue
			}
			statEmails[inbound.ClientStats[i].Email] = true
			inbound.ClientStats[i].Id = 0
			inbound.ClientStats[i].InboundId = inbound.Id
			if err := tx.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{
				Columns:   []clause.Column{{Name: "email"}},
				DoNothing: true,
			}).Create(&inbound.ClientStats[i]).Error; err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
		for _, client := range clients {
			if statEmails[client.Email] {
				continue
			}
			if err := s.AddClientStat(tx, inbound.Id, &client); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
		if err := s.clientService.SyncInbound(tx, inbound.Id, clients); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if _, err := database.CreateHostsFromExternalProxy(tx, inbound.Id, inbound.StreamSettings); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if err := database.CreateHostFromMtprotoCustomShareAddr(tx, inbound.Id, legacyShareAddr); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if inbound.NodeID != nil {
			nodeID := *inbound.NodeID
			if err := (&NodeService{}).EnsureInboundTagAllowedTx(tx, nodeID, inbound.Tag); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
		if inbound.Enable {
			if inbound.NodeID != nil {
				markDirty = true
			} else {
				rt, push, _, perr := s.nodePushPlan(inbound)
				if perr != nil {
					return perr
				}
				if push {
					payload := inbound
					pushable := true
					if inbound.Protocol == model.MTProto || inbound.Protocol == model.TUIC {
						if built, bErr := s.buildInboundForLocalRuntime(tx, inbound); bErr == nil {
							payload = built
						} else {
							logger.Debug("Unable to prepare runtime inbound config:", bErr)
							pushable = false
						}
					}
					if pushable {
						postCommitApply = func() {
							if err1 := rt.AddInbound(context.Background(), payload); err1 == nil {
								logger.Debug("New inbound added on", rt.Name(), ":", inbound.Tag)
							} else {
								logger.Debug("Unable to add inbound on", rt.Name(), ":", err1)
								if inbound.Protocol != model.MTProto && inbound.Protocol != model.TUIC {
									needRestart = true
								}
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		if markDirty && inbound.NodeID != nil {
			return (&NodeService{}).MarkNodeDirtyTx(tx, *inbound.NodeID)
		}
		return nil
	})
	if err != nil {
		return inbound, false, err
	}
	if postCommitApply != nil {
		postCommitApply()
	}

	// A routed mtproto inbound is not an Xray inbound itself, so the runtime
	// push above only (re)starts the mtg sidecar. The egress SOCKS bridge lives
	// in the generated config, so force a regen to wire it in.
	if mtprotoRoutesThroughXray(inbound) {
		needRestart = true
	}

	return inbound, needRestart, err
}

func (s *InboundService) DelInbound(id int) (bool, error) {
	db := database.GetDB()

	needRestart := false
	var postCommitApply func()
	var ib model.Inbound
	loadErr := db.Model(model.Inbound{}).Where("id = ?", id).First(&ib).Error
	if loadErr == nil {
		shouldPushToRuntime := ib.NodeID != nil || ib.Enable
		if shouldPushToRuntime {
			if ib.NodeID != nil {
				rt, push, _, perr := s.nodePushPlan(&ib)
				if perr != nil {
					logger.Warning("DelInbound: node runtime lookup failed, deleting central row anyway:", perr)
				} else if push {
					postCommitApply = func() {
						if err1 := rt.DelInbound(context.Background(), &ib); err1 == nil {
							logger.Debug("Inbound deleted on", rt.Name(), ":", ib.Tag)
						} else {
							logger.Warning("DelInbound on", rt.Name(), "failed after commit:", err1)
						}
					}
				}
			} else {
				rt, push, _, perr := s.nodePushPlan(&ib)
				if perr != nil {
					logger.Warning("DelInbound: runtime lookup failed, deleting central row anyway:", perr)
				} else if push {
					postCommitApply = func() {
						if err1 := rt.DelInbound(context.Background(), &ib); err1 == nil {
							logger.Debug("Inbound deleted on", rt.Name(), ":", ib.Tag)
						} else {
							logger.Warning("DelInbound on", rt.Name(), "failed after commit:", err1)
							needRestart = true
						}
					}
				} else {
					needRestart = true
				}
			}
		} else {
			logger.Debug("DelInbound: skipping runtime push for disabled local inbound id:", id)
		}
	} else {
		logger.Debug("DelInbound: inbound not found, id:", id)
	}

	if err := db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
		if err := s.clientService.DetachInbound(tx, id); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if err := tx.Delete(model.Inbound{}, id).Error; err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if err := tx.Where("inbound_id = ?", id).Delete(&model.Host{}).Error; err != nil {
			return err
		}
		// Drop the deleted inbound from any sub-balancer that selects it; a
		// dangling id would emit a member no subscriber can resolve (#5648).
		var balancers []model.SubBalancer
		if err := tx.Find(&balancers).Error; err != nil {
			return err
		}
		for i := range balancers {
			before := balancers[i].InboundIds
			balancers[i].InboundIds = slices.DeleteFunc(before, func(b int) bool { return b == id })
			if len(balancers[i].InboundIds) == len(before) {
				continue
			}
			if err := tx.Save(&balancers[i]).Error; err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
		if loadErr == nil && ib.NodeID != nil {
			return (&NodeService{}).MarkNodeDirtyTx(tx, *ib.NodeID)
		}
		return nil
	}); err != nil {
		return needRestart, err
	}
	if postCommitApply != nil {
		postCommitApply()
	}
	if loadErr == nil && ib.Tag != "" {
		if routingChanged, syncErr := (&XraySettingService{}).RemoveInboundTagReferences(ib.Tag); syncErr != nil {
			logger.Warning("DelInbound: sync routing on inbound delete failed:", syncErr)
		} else if routingChanged {
			needRestart = true
		}
	}
	if !database.IsPostgres() {
		var count int64
		if err := db.Model(&model.Inbound{}).Count(&count).Error; err != nil {
			return needRestart, err
		}
		if count == 0 {
			if err := db.Exec("DELETE FROM sqlite_sequence WHERE name = ?", "inbounds").Error; err != nil {
				return needRestart, err
			}
		}
	}
	// Drop the egress SOCKS bridge a routed mtproto inbound left in the config.
	if mtprotoRoutesThroughXray(&ib) {
		needRestart = true
	}
	return needRestart, nil
}

type BulkDelInboundResult struct {
	Deleted int                    `json:"deleted"`
	Skipped []BulkDelInboundReport `json:"skipped,omitempty"`
}

type BulkDelInboundReport struct {
	Id     int    `json:"id"`
	Reason string `json:"reason"`
}

// DelInbounds removes every inbound in the list, reusing the single-delete
// path per id. Failures are recorded in Skipped and processing continues for
// the rest; the aggregated needRestart is returned so the caller restarts
// xray at most once.
func (s *InboundService) DelInbounds(ids []int) (BulkDelInboundResult, bool, error) {
	result := BulkDelInboundResult{}
	needRestart := false
	for _, id := range ids {
		r, err := s.DelInbound(id)
		if err != nil {
			result.Skipped = append(result.Skipped, BulkDelInboundReport{Id: id, Reason: err.Error()})
			continue
		}
		result.Deleted++
		if r {
			needRestart = true
		}
	}
	return result, needRestart, nil
}

func (s *InboundService) GetInbound(id int) (*model.Inbound, error) {
	db := database.GetDB()
	inbound := &model.Inbound{}
	err := db.Model(model.Inbound{}).First(inbound, id).Error
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return inbound, nil
}

func (s *InboundService) GetInboundDetail(id int) (*model.Inbound, error) {
	db := database.GetDB()
	inbound := &model.Inbound{}
	err := db.Model(model.Inbound{}).Preload("ClientStats").First(inbound, id).Error
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	s.enrichClientStats(db, []*model.Inbound{inbound})
	s.overlayInboundsClientStats(db, []*model.Inbound{inbound})
	return inbound, nil
}

// SetInboundSubSortIndex changes only the subscription sort order, so a
// reorder cannot carry a stale settings/client payload over another edit.
func (s *InboundService) SetInboundSubSortIndex(id int, index int) error {
	index = normalizeSubSortIndex(index)
	inbound, err := s.GetInbound(id)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if inbound.SubSortIndex == index {
		return nil
	}

	db := database.GetDB()
	if err := db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
		if err := tx.Model(model.Inbound{}).Where("id = ?", id).
			Update("sub_sort_index", index).Error; err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if inbound.NodeID != nil {
			return (&NodeService{}).MarkNodeDirtyTx(tx, *inbound.NodeID)
		}
		return nil
	}); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	inbound.SubSortIndex = index

	if inbound.NodeID == nil {
		return nil
	}
	rt, push, _, perr := s.nodePushPlan(inbound)
	if perr != nil {
		return perr
	}
	if push {
		narrow, ok := rt.(interface {
			SetInboundSubSortIndex(context.Context, *model.Inbound, int) error
		})
		if !ok {
			return fmt.Errorf("runtime %s does not support narrow subscription ordering updates", rt.Name())
		}
		if err := narrow.SetInboundSubSortIndex(context.Background(), inbound, index); err != nil {
			logger.Warning("SetInboundSubSortIndex: remote metadata update on", rt.Name(), "failed:", err)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (s *InboundService) SetInboundEnable(id int, enable bool) (bool, error) {
	inbound, err := s.GetInbound(id)
	if err != nil {
		return false, err
	}
	if inbound.Enable == enable {
		return false, nil
	}

	db := database.GetDB()
	if err := db.Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
		if err := tx.Model(model.Inbound{}).Where("id = ?", id).
			Update("enable", enable).Error; err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if inbound.NodeID != nil {
			return (&NodeService{}).MarkNodeDirtyTx(tx, *inbound.NodeID)
		}
		return nil
	}); err != nil {
		return false, err
	}
	inbound.Enable = enable

	needRestart := false
	rt, push, _, perr := s.nodePushPlan(inbound)
	if perr != nil {
		return false, perr
	}

	// Remote nodes interpret DelInbound as a real row delete (it hits
	// panel/api/inbounds/del/:id on the remote), so toggling the enable
	// switch on a remote inbound used to wipe the row entirely (#4402).
	// PATCH the remote row via UpdateInbound instead — preserves the
	// settings/client history and just flips the enable flag.
	if inbound.NodeID != nil {
		if push {
			if err := rt.UpdateInbound(context.Background(), inbound, inbound); err != nil {
				logger.Warning("SetInboundEnable: remote UpdateInbound on", rt.Name(), "failed:", err)
			}
		}
		return false, nil
	}

	if mtprotoRoutesThroughXray(inbound) {
		needRestart = true
	}

	if !push {
		return true, nil
	}

	if err := rt.DelInbound(context.Background(), inbound); err != nil &&
		!strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not found") {
		logger.Debug("SetInboundEnable: DelInbound on", rt.Name(), "failed:", err)
		needRestart = true
	}
	if !enable {
		return needRestart, nil
	}

	runtimeInbound, err := s.buildInboundForLocalRuntime(db, inbound)
	if err != nil {
		logger.Debug("SetInboundEnable: build runtime config failed:", err)
		return true, nil
	}
	if err := rt.AddInbound(context.Background(), runtimeInbound); err != nil {
		logger.Debug("SetInboundEnable: AddInbound on", rt.Name(), "failed:", err)
		needRestart = true
	}
	return needRestart, nil
}

func (s *InboundService) UpdateInbound(inbound *model.Inbound) (*model.Inbound, bool, error) {
	legacyShareAddr := legacyMtprotoShareAddr(inbound)
	inbound.TrafficResetDay = normalizeTrafficResetDay(inbound.TrafficResetDay)
	// Normalize streamSettings based on protocol
	s.normalizeStreamSettings(inbound)
	if err := validateFinalMaskRealityCombo(inbound.StreamSettings); err != nil {
		return inbound, false, err
	}
	if err := validateFinalMaskXmcProfiles(inbound.StreamSettings); err != nil {
		return inbound, false, err
	}
	s.normalizeMtprotoSecret(inbound)

	oldInbound, err := s.GetInbound(inbound.Id)
	if err != nil {
		return inbound, false, err
	}
	if err := s.normalizeAmneziaWGSettings(inbound, oldInbound.Settings); err != nil {
		return inbound, false, err
	}
	inbound.SubSortIndex = normalizeSubSortIndex(inbound.SubSortIndex)

	clients, err := s.GetClients(inbound)
	if err != nil {
		return inbound, false, err
	}
	if inbound.Protocol == model.Hysteria {
		for _, client := range clients {
			if client.Auth == "" {
				return inbound, false, common.NewError("empty client ID")
			}
		}
	}
	if inbound.Protocol == model.TUIC {
		for _, client := range clients {
			if client.ID == "" {
				return inbound, false, common.NewError("empty client ID")
			}
			if client.Password == "" {
				return inbound, false, common.NewError("tuic client requires a password")
			}
			if client.Email == "" {
				return inbound, false, common.NewError("empty client email")
			}
		}
	}

	// Grandfather a row that was already stored incomplete so it stays editable;
	// only a save that breaks a previously valid TLS block is refused.
	if !s.FromNodeSync {
		if err := validateInboundTLSCertificates(inbound.StreamSettings); err != nil {
			if validateInboundTLSCertificates(oldInbound.StreamSettings) == nil {
				return inbound, false, err
			}
		}
	}
	// Restore the stored NodeID before the port-conflict check so a node inbound
	// stays scoped to its own node (the payload's nodeId is unreliable, often absent).
	inbound.NodeID = oldInbound.NodeID
	// The node assignment is the stored one, so only a protocol change can
	// introduce one; a row adopted from a node keeps the protocol it arrived with.
	if inbound.NodeID != nil && inbound.Protocol != oldInbound.Protocol && !isNodeEligibleProtocol(inbound.Protocol) {
		return inbound, false, common.NewErrorf("%s inbounds cannot be assigned to a node", inbound.Protocol)
	}

	// Capture the pre-edit protocol and routing state before oldInbound is
	// overwritten with the new values further down, then ensure a routed
	// inbound keeps a stable egress port (reusing the one already stored).
	oldProtocol := oldInbound.Protocol
	oldRoutedMtproto := mtprotoRoutesThroughXray(oldInbound)
	if err := s.normalizeMtprotoXrayPort(inbound, oldInbound.Settings); err != nil {
		return inbound, false, err
	}

	tag := oldInbound.Tag
	oldBits := inboundTransports(oldInbound.Protocol, oldInbound.StreamSettings, oldInbound.Settings)
	oldTagWasAuto := isAutoGeneratedTag(tag, oldInbound.Port, oldInbound.NodeID, oldBits)

	needRestart := false
	var postCommitApply func()

	txErr := runSerializedTx(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
		conflict, cErr := checkPortConflictTx(tx, inbound, inbound.Id)
		if cErr != nil {
			return cErr
		}
		if conflict != nil {
			return common.NewError(conflict.String())
		}
		if err := s.updateClientTraffics(tx, oldInbound, inbound); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		// Ensure created_at and updated_at exist in inbound.Settings clients
		{
			var oldSettings map[string]any
			_ = json.Unmarshal([]byte(oldInbound.Settings), &oldSettings)
			emailToCreated := map[string]int64{}
			emailToUpdated := map[string]int64{}
			if oldSettings != nil {
				if oc, ok := oldSettings["clients"].([]any); ok {
					for _, it := range oc {
						if m, ok2 := it.(map[string]any); ok2 {
							if email, ok3 := m["email"].(string); ok3 {
								switch v := m["created_at"].(type) {
								case float64:
									emailToCreated[email] = int64(v)
								case int64:
									emailToCreated[email] = v
								}
								switch v := m["updated_at"].(type) {
								case float64:
									emailToUpdated[email] = int64(v)
								case int64:
									emailToUpdated[email] = v
								}
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
			var newSettings map[string]any
			if err2 := json.Unmarshal([]byte(inbound.Settings), &newSettings); err2 == nil && newSettings != nil {
				now := time.Now().Unix() * 1000
				if nSlice, ok := newSettings["clients"].([]any); ok {
					for i := range nSlice {
						if m, ok2 := nSlice[i].(map[string]any); ok2 {
							email, _ := m["email"].(string)
							if _, ok3 := m["created_at"]; !ok3 {
								if v, ok4 := emailToCreated[email]; ok4 && v > 0 {
									m["created_at"] = v
								} else {
									m["created_at"] = now
								}
							}
							// Preserve client's updated_at if present; do not bump on parent inbound update
							if _, hasUpdated := m["updated_at"]; !hasUpdated {
								if v, ok4 := emailToUpdated[email]; ok4 && v > 0 {
									m["updated_at"] = v
								}
							}
							nSlice[i] = m
						}
					}
					newSettings["clients"] = nSlice
					if bs, err3 := json.MarshalIndent(newSettings, "", "  "); err3 == nil {
						inbound.Settings = string(bs)
					}
				}
			}
		}

		// A Shadowsocks-2022 method change resizes the key, but existing client PSKs
		// keep their old length and would be rejected by xray. Regenerate mismatched
		// client keys so the inbound stays connectable.
		if normalized, changed := normalizeShadowsocksClientKeys(inbound.Settings); changed {
			inbound.Settings = normalized
			logger.Warning("Shadowsocks inbound", inbound.Id, "method change resized keys; regenerated mismatched client PSK(s)")
		}

		// Re-gate Vision flow now that the new stream/encryption is known: if this
		// VLESS inbound just became flow-eligible (e.g. vlessenc was enabled on an
		// XHTTP inbound), restore Vision for clients whose intended flow is Vision
		// but was stripped while the inbound was ineligible.
		if !inbound.DisableFlow {
			if restored, changed := s.restoreVisionFlowForEligibleInbound(tx, inbound.Settings, inbound.StreamSettings, inbound.Protocol); changed {
				inbound.Settings = restored
			}
		} else {
			if stripped, changed := stripClientFlows(inbound.Settings); changed {
				inbound.Settings = stripped
			}
		}

		oldInbound.Total = inbound.Total
		oldInbound.Remark = inbound.Remark
		oldInbound.SubSortIndex = inbound.SubSortIndex
		oldInbound.Enable = inbound.Enable
		oldInbound.ExpiryTime = inbound.ExpiryTime
		oldInbound.TrafficReset = inbound.TrafficReset
		oldInbound.TrafficResetDay = inbound.TrafficResetDay
		oldInbound.Listen = inbound.Listen
		oldInbound.Port = inbound.Port
		oldInbound.Protocol = inbound.Protocol
		oldInbound.DisableFlow = inbound.DisableFlow
		oldInbound.Settings = inbound.Settings
		oldInbound.StreamSettings = inbound.StreamSettings
		oldInbound.Sniffing = inbound.Sniffing
		if strings.TrimSpace(inbound.ShareAddrStrategy) == "" {
			normalizeInboundShareAddress(oldInbound)
			inbound.ShareAddrStrategy = oldInbound.ShareAddrStrategy
			inbound.ShareAddr = oldInbound.ShareAddr
		} else {
			if err := normalizeInboundShareAddressStrict(inbound); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			oldInbound.ShareAddrStrategy = inbound.ShareAddrStrategy
			oldInbound.ShareAddr = inbound.ShareAddr
			if err := database.CreateHostFromMtprotoCustomShareAddr(tx, inbound.Id, legacyShareAddr); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
		if oldTagWasAuto && inbound.Tag == tag {
			inbound.Tag = ""
		}
		resolvedTag, err := s.resolveInboundTag(inbound, inbound.Id)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		oldInbound.Tag = resolvedTag
		inbound.Tag = oldInbound.Tag

		if oldInbound.NodeID == nil {
			rt, push, _, perr := s.nodePushPlan(oldInbound)
			if perr != nil {
				return perr
			}
			if !push {
				needRestart = true
			} else if oldProtocol == model.MTProto || oldInbound.Protocol == model.MTProto || oldProtocol == model.TUIC || oldInbound.Protocol == model.TUIC {
				oldSnapshot := *oldInbound
				oldSnapshot.Tag = tag
				oldSnapshot.Protocol = oldProtocol
				payload := oldInbound
				pushable := true
				if inbound.Enable {
					if built, err2 := s.buildInboundForLocalRuntime(tx, oldInbound); err2 == nil {
						payload = built
					} else {
						logger.Debug("Unable to prepare runtime inbound config:", err2)
						pushable = false
					}
				}
				newProtocolIsSidecar := oldInbound.Protocol == model.MTProto || oldInbound.Protocol == model.TUIC
				if pushable {
					postCommitApply = func() {
						if err2 := rt.UpdateInbound(context.Background(), &oldSnapshot, payload); err2 == nil {
							logger.Debug("Updated inbound applied on", rt.Name(), ":", oldInbound.Tag)
						} else {
							logger.Debug("Unable to update inbound on", rt.Name(), ":", err2)
							if !newProtocolIsSidecar {
								needRestart = true
							}
						}
					}
				}
			} else {
				oldSnapshot := *oldInbound
				oldSnapshot.Tag = tag
				var runtimeInbound *model.Inbound
				if inbound.Enable {
					var err2 error
					runtimeInbound, err2 = s.buildInboundForLocalRuntime(tx, oldInbound)
					if err2 != nil {
						logger.Debug("Unable to prepare runtime inbound config:", err2)
						needRestart = true
					}
				}
				postCommitApply = func() {
					if err2 := rt.DelInbound(context.Background(), &oldSnapshot); err2 == nil {
						logger.Debug("Old inbound deleted on", rt.Name(), ":", tag)
					}
					if runtimeInbound == nil {
						return
					}
					if err2 := rt.AddInbound(context.Background(), runtimeInbound); err2 == nil {
						logger.Debug("Updated inbound added on", rt.Name(), ":", oldInbound.Tag)
					} else {
						logger.Debug("Unable to update inbound on", rt.Name(), ":", err2)
						needRestart = true
					}
				}
			}
		} else {
			nodeID := *oldInbound.NodeID
			if err := (&NodeService{}).EnsureInboundTagAllowedTx(tx, nodeID, oldInbound.Tag); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}

		if err := tx.Save(oldInbound).Error; err != nil {
			return err
		}
		newClients, gcErr := s.GetClients(oldInbound)
		if gcErr != nil {
			return gcErr
		}
		if err := s.clientService.SyncInbound(tx, oldInbound.Id, newClients); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if oldInbound.NodeID != nil {
			if err := (&NodeService{}).MarkNodeDirtyTx(tx, *oldInbound.NodeID); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
		// (Re)generate the Xray config whenever routing was or is now enabled, so
		// the egress SOCKS bridge is added, moved, or dropped to match the new
		// settings.
		if mtprotoRoutesThroughXray(inbound) || oldRoutedMtproto {
			needRestart = true
		}
		return nil
	})
	if txErr != nil {
		return inbound, false, txErr
	}
	if postCommitApply != nil {
		postCommitApply()
	}
	// After the rename is committed, point any routing rules / loopback outbounds
	// in xrayTemplateConfig at the new tag (oldInbound.Tag now holds the resolved
	// new tag; tag holds the pre-edit one). Done post-commit so a sync failure
	// can't roll back the inbound edit.
	if tag != oldInbound.Tag {
		if routingChanged, syncErr := (&XraySettingService{}).PropagateInboundTagRename(tag, oldInbound.Tag); syncErr != nil {
			logger.Warning("UpdateInbound: sync routing on tag rename failed:", syncErr)
		} else if routingChanged {
			needRestart = true
		}
	}
	return inbound, needRestart, nil
}

// A node mirrors this payload into its own DB, so every client must survive:
// filtering one out makes the node delete it, and the master then mirrors that.
func (s *InboundService) buildInboundForNodePush(tx *gorm.DB, inbound *model.Inbound) (*model.Inbound, error) {
	if inbound == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("inbound is nil")
	}

	built := *inbound
	settings := map[string]any{}
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(inbound.Settings), &settings); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if !inboundCanHostFallbacks(inbound) {
		return &built, nil
	}
	fallbacks, err := s.fallbackService.BuildFallbacksJSON(tx, inbound.Id)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if len(fallbacks) == 0 {
		return &built, nil
	}
	generic := make([]any, 0, len(fallbacks))
	for _, f := range fallbacks {
		generic = append(generic, f)
	}
	settings["fallbacks"] = generic

	modifiedSettings, mErr := json.MarshalIndent(settings, "", "  ")
	if mErr != nil {
		return nil, mErr
	}
	built.Settings = string(modifiedSettings)
	return &built, nil
}

// Strips disabled clients on top of the node payload. Safe only because the
// target here is an in-memory Xray/mtg config, not another panel's database.
func (s *InboundService) buildInboundForLocalRuntime(tx *gorm.DB, inbound *model.Inbound) (*model.Inbound, error) {
	built, err := s.buildInboundForNodePush(tx, inbound)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	settings := map[string]any{}
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(built.Settings), &settings); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	clients, ok := settings["clients"].([]any)
	if !ok {
		return built, nil
	}

	var clientStats []xray.ClientTraffic
	if err := tx.Model(xray.ClientTraffic{}).
		Where("inbound_id = ?", built.Id).
		Select("email", "enable").
		Find(&clientStats).Error; err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	enableMap := make(map[string]bool, len(clientStats))
	for _, clientTraffic := range clientStats {
		enableMap[clientTraffic.Email] = clientTraffic.Enable
	}

	finalClients := make([]any, 0, len(clients))
	for _, client := range clients {
		c, ok := client.(map[string]any)
		if !ok {
			continue
		}
		email, _ := c["email"].(string)
		if enable, exists := enableMap[email]; exists && !enable {
			continue
		}
		if manualEnable, ok := c["enable"].(bool); ok && !manualEnable {
			continue
		}
		finalClients = append(finalClients, c)
	}
	settings["clients"] = finalClients

	modifiedSettings, err := json.MarshalIndent(settings, "", "  ")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	runtimeInbound := *built
	runtimeInbound.Settings = string(modifiedSettings)
	return &runtimeInbound, nil
}

// updateClientTraffics syncs the ClientTraffic rows with the inbound's clients
// list: removes rows for emails that disappeared, inserts rows for newly-added
// emails. Uses sets for O(N) lookup — the previous nested-loop implementation
// was O(N²) and degraded into multi-second pauses on inbounds with thousands
// of clients (toggling, saving, or deleting any such inbound felt frozen).
func (s *InboundService) updateClientTraffics(tx *gorm.DB, oldInbound *model.Inbound, newInbound *model.Inbound) error {
	oldClients, err := s.GetClients(oldInbound)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	newClients, err := s.GetClients(newInbound)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Email is the unique key for ClientTraffic rows. Clients without an
	// email have no stats row to sync — skip them on both sides instead of
	// risking a unique-constraint hit or accidental delete of an unrelated row.
	oldEmails := make(map[string]struct{}, len(oldClients))
	for i := range oldClients {
		if oldClients[i].Email == "" {
			continue
		}
		oldEmails[oldClients[i].Email] = struct{}{}
	}
	newEmails := make(map[string]struct{}, len(newClients))
	for i := range newClients {
		if newClients[i].Email == "" {
			continue
		}
		newEmails[newClients[i].Email] = struct{}{}
	}

	// Drop stats rows for removed emails — but not when a sibling inbound
	// still references the email, since the row is the shared accumulator.
	for i := range oldClients {
		email := oldClients[i].Email
		if email == "" {
			continue
		}
		if _, kept := newEmails[email]; kept {
			continue
		}
		stillUsed, err := s.emailUsedByOtherInbounds(email, oldInbound.Id)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if stillUsed {
			continue
		}
		if err := s.DelClientStat(tx, email); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		// Keep inbound_client_ips in sync when the inbound edit drops an
		// email, so the IP-limit job doesn't keep a ghost tracking row (#4963).
		if err := s.DelClientIPs(tx, email); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	for i := range newClients {
		email := newClients[i].Email
		if email == "" {
			continue
		}
		if _, existed := oldEmails[email]; existed {
			if err := s.UpdateClientStat(tx, email, &newClients[i]); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			continue
		}
		if err := s.AddClientStat(tx, oldInbound.Id, &newClients[i]); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (s *InboundService) GetInboundTags() (string, error) {
	db := database.GetDB()
	var inboundTags []string
	err := db.Model(model.Inbound{}).Select("tag").Find(&inboundTags).Error
	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
		return "", err
	}
	tags, _ := json.Marshal(inboundTags)
	return string(tags), nil
}

func (s *InboundService) GetClientReverseTags() (string, error) {
	db := database.GetDB()
	var inbounds []model.Inbound
	err := db.Model(model.Inbound{}).Select("settings").Where("protocol = ?", "vless").Find(&inbounds).Error
	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
		return "[]", err
	}

	tagSet := make(map[string]struct{})
	for _, inbound := range inbounds {
		var settings map[string]any
		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(inbound.Settings), &settings); err != nil {
			continue
		}
		clients, ok := settings["clients"].([]any)
		if !ok {
			continue
		}
		for _, client := range clients {
			clientMap, ok := client.(map[string]any)
			if !ok {
				continue
			}
			reverse, ok := clientMap["reverse"].(map[string]any)
			if !ok {
				continue
			}
			tag, _ := reverse["tag"].(string)
			tag = strings.TrimSpace(tag)
			if tag != "" {
				tagSet[tag] = struct{}{}
			}
		}
	}

	rawTags := make([]string, 0, len(tagSet))
	for tag := range tagSet {
		rawTags = append(rawTags, tag)
	}
	sort.Strings(rawTags)

	result, _ := json.Marshal(rawTags)
	return string(result), nil
}

func (s *InboundService) SearchInbounds(query string) ([]*model.Inbound, error) {
	db := database.GetDB()
	var inbounds []*model.Inbound
	err := db.Model(model.Inbound{}).Preload("ClientStats").Where("remark like ?", "%"+query+"%").Find(&inbounds).Error
	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
		return nil, err
	}
	return inbounds, nil
}