3x-ui/docs/content/docs/en/config/transports.mdx

---
title: Transports & Security
description: Every transport 3x-ui exposes — TCP, mKCP, WebSocket, gRPC, HTTPUpgrade, XHTTP, Hysteria, XDRIVE, MASQUE — with their settings, plus FinalMask obfuscation, sockopt, TLS/REALITY, XTLS-Vision, and VLESS encryption.
icon: Network
---

A **transport** decides how packets are carried between client and server, a
**security** layer decides how they're encrypted and disguised, and **FinalMask**
can obfuscate what's left. The panel only offers valid combinations; this page
lists every transport's settings and the rules the panel enforces.

## Transports

Pick the transport (the inbound's `network`) in the inbound/outbound form. Each
network writes its own settings key on the wire (`tcpSettings`, `kcpSettings`, …).

| Transport       | Settings key          | When to use it                                                         |
| --------------- | --------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **TCP (Raw)**   | `tcpSettings`         | Lowest overhead. The basis for REALITY + XTLS-Vision and fallbacks; optional HTTP/1.1 header camouflage. |
| **mKCP**        | `kcpSettings`         | Reliable protocol over **UDP** — trades bandwidth for lower latency on lossy links. Carries no TLS/REALITY. |
| **WebSocket**   | `wsSettings`          | Works through CDNs and HTTP reverse proxies; very compatible.          |
| **gRPC**        | `grpcSettings`        | HTTP/2-based; multiplexes well and proxies cleanly through Nginx.      |
| **HTTPUpgrade** | `httpupgradeSettings` | CDN-friendly HTTP/1.1 `Upgrade`; lighter than full WebSocket.          |
| **XHTTP**       | `xhttpSettings`       | Modern stream-multiplexed HTTP transport; CDN-friendly and REALITY-capable. |
| **Hysteria**    | `hysteriaSettings`    | QUIC-based transport — only for the **Hysteria2** protocol.            |
| **XDRIVE**      | `xdriveSettings`      | Tunnels the stream through files in shared cloud storage (Google Drive, a local folder or any HTTP storage API). |
| **MASQUE**      | `masqueSettings`      | CONNECT-IP over HTTP/3 or HTTP/2 — only for the **MASQUE** protocol. See [MASQUE](/docs/config/masque). |

<Callout type="info">
  **WireGuard** and **Tunnel** (dokodemo-door) inbounds expose no transport
  selector — their stream carries only security/sockopt. Earlier panels also
  exposed a raw **HTTP/2 (`http`)** transport; it has been superseded by **XHTTP**
  and is no longer selectable.
</Callout>

### TCP (Raw) — `tcpSettings`

| Field                          | Default | Meaning                                                                 |
| ------------------------------ | ------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `acceptProxyProtocol`          | `false` | Accept the PROXY protocol from an upstream proxy so the real client IP is preserved. |
| `header.type`                  | `none`  | `none`, or `http` for HTTP/1.1 camouflage.                              |
| `header.request` / `response`  | —       | When `type: http`: method, path, version and a header map that mimic a normal HTTP exchange. |

### mKCP — `kcpSettings`

| Field              | Default     | Meaning                                                          |
| ------------------ | ----------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `mtu`              | `1350`      | Maximum transmission unit, in bytes (576–1460).                  |
| `tti`              | `20`        | Transmission time interval, in ms (10–100). Lower = more responsive, more overhead. |
| `uplinkCapacity`   | `5`         | Upload bandwidth budget, in **MB/s**.                            |
| `downlinkCapacity` | `20`        | Download bandwidth budget, in **MB/s**.                          |
| `cwndMultiplier`   | `1`         | Congestion-window multiplier; raise to push harder on good links. |
| `maxSendingWindow` | `2097152`   | Upper bound on in-flight packets.                               |

<Callout type="info">
  mKCP can't carry TLS or REALITY. To disguise it, add a **FinalMask** UDP mask —
  the `mkcp-legacy` mask reproduces the classic header obfuscation that older Xray
  stored in `kcpSettings.header`/`seed` (those fields no longer exist here).
</Callout>

### WebSocket — `wsSettings`

| Field                 | Default | Meaning                                                          |
| --------------------- | ------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `path`                | `/`     | Request path — route on it when several services share one host. |
| `host`                | _(none)_| `Host` header override (useful behind a CDN).                    |
| `headers`             | `{}`    | Extra request headers.                                           |
| `heartbeatPeriod`     | `0`     | Seconds between keepalive pings; `0` disables them.              |
| `acceptProxyProtocol` | `false` | Accept the PROXY protocol from an upstream.                      |

### gRPC — `grpcSettings`

| Field         | Default | Meaning                                                   |
| ------------- | ------- | --------------------------------------------------------- |
| `serviceName` | _(none)_| gRPC service path; acts like a secret route.              |
| `authority`   | _(none)_| `:authority` pseudo-header override.                      |
| `multiMode`   | `false` | Multiplex several streams over one connection.            |

### HTTPUpgrade — `httpupgradeSettings`

| Field                 | Default | Meaning                                       |
| --------------------- | ------- | --------------------------------------------- |
| `path`                | `/`     | Request path.                                 |
| `host`                | _(none)_| `Host` header override.                       |
| `headers`             | `{}`    | Extra request headers.                        |
| `acceptProxyProtocol` | `false` | Accept the PROXY protocol from an upstream.   |

HTTPUpgrade is a one-shot HTTP/1.1 `Upgrade` with no WebSocket framing — there's
no heartbeat field.

### XHTTP — `xhttpSettings`

XHTTP (SplitHTTP) has a large field set; the panel fills sensible defaults. The
ones you'll usually touch:

| Field                  | Default     | Meaning                                                                |
| ---------------------- | ----------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `path`                 | `/`         | Request path.                                                          |
| `host`                 | _(none)_    | `Host` header override.                                                |
| `mode`                 | `auto`      | `auto`, `packet-up`, `stream-up`, or `stream-one`. `packet-up` is the most CDN-compatible; `stream-*` are lower latency. |
| `xPaddingBytes`        | `100-1000`  | Random padding range that blurs packet sizes.                          |
| `scMaxBufferedPosts`   | `30`        | Server-side buffer for uploaded POSTs.                                 |
| `scStreamUpServerSecs` | `20-80`     | Stream-up server window (dash range).                                  |
| `xmux` (`enableXmux`)  | _(off)_     | Connection multiplexing — `maxConcurrency` `16-32`, `maxConnections` `6`, … Turn on for high concurrency. |

Session-ID fields (`sessionIDPlacement`, `sessionIDKey`, `sessionIDTable`,
`sessionIDLength`) and the `scMin/MaxEachPostBytes` knobs are advanced; leave them
empty unless you're matching a specific upstream.

### Hysteria — `hysteriaSettings`

Only valid when the protocol is **Hysteria2**.

| Field            | Default | Meaning                                                                 |
| ---------------- | ------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `version`        | `2`     | Hysteria protocol version.                                              |
| `auth`           | _(none)_| Shared authentication string.                                           |
| `udpIdleTimeout` | `60`    | Seconds (2–600) before idle UDP sessions are dropped.                   |
| `masquerade`     | —       | Disguise as an HTTP/3 server: `type` `proxy`/`file`/`string` with `url`/`dir`/`content`, plus `headers` and `statusCode`. |

### XDRIVE — `xdriveSettings`

XDRIVE carries the stream as files in a folder both ends can reach: the server polls
that folder instead of accepting connections on its port. Both sides must use the
**same** service, folder and secrets, so the JSON subscription ships them to every
client; XDRIVE inbounds get no share link or Clash entry.

| Field          | Default        | Meaning                                                                 |
| -------------- | -------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `service`      | `Google Drive` | `Google Drive`, `local` (a folder on disk) or `template` (any HTTP storage API). |
| `remoteFolder` | —              | Folder that holds the session files.                                    |
| `secrets`      | —              | Google Drive: ClientID, ClientSecret, RefreshToken — exactly three, in that order. Template: values read as `{secret0}`, `{secret1}`, …. |
| `template`     | —              | Template service only: the storage API's `auth`, `put`, `get`, `list` and `delete` operations. |
| tuning         | core defaults  | `segmentBytes` (512 KiB), `flushIntervalMs` (20), `pollIntervalMs`/`maxPollIntervalMs` (50/500), `eagerWindowMs` (2000), `holeTimeoutMs` (30000), `sessionTtlSeconds` (300), `concurrency` (8). |

The optional **Front address/port** (the stream-level `address`/`port`) is a domain
front the storage API is dialed through; TLS still names the API host. XDRIVE has
no TLS/REALITY layer of its own — its traffic is the storage API's HTTPS.

## FinalMask — late-layer obfuscation

**FinalMask** wraps traffic **after** the transport and security layers, so it can
disguise transports that don't carry TLS (like mKCP) or add a second skin on top of
TLS. Masks are configured per direction:

- **TCP masks** — `fragment`, `sudoku`, `header-custom`, `xmc` (disguises the
  stream as Minecraft protocol traffic; requires a password, with optional
  hostname and player usernames).
- **UDP masks** — `salamander`, `mkcp-legacy`, `header-custom`, `xdns`, `xicmp`,
  `noise`, `sudoku`, `realm`. (`mkcp-legacy` reproduces the old mKCP header
  obfuscation.)
- **QUIC params** — congestion control (`reno`, `bbr`, `brutal`, `force-brutal`),
  Brutal up/down rates, `udpHop` (rotate the QUIC port across a range to dodge
  port blocking), and receive-window tuning.

FinalMask replaces the per-transport `header`/`seed` obfuscation that older Xray
builds exposed.

## sockopt — low-level socket options

`sockopt` rides alongside any transport and tunes the underlying socket. The most
useful fields:

| Field                 | Default | Meaning                                                          |
| --------------------- | ------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `tcpFastOpen`         | `false` | Enable TCP Fast Open.                                            |
| `tcpcongestion`       | `bbr`   | Congestion control: `bbr`, `cubic`, or `reno`.                  |
| `tproxy`              | `off`   | Transparent proxy mode: `off`, `redirect`, or `tproxy`.          |
| `domainStrategy`      | `AsIs`  | How addresses resolve (`UseIP`, `ForceIPv4`, …).                 |
| `dialerProxy`         | _(none)_| Chain this outbound's dialing through another outbound tag.      |
| `interface`           | _(none)_| Bind to a specific network interface.                           |
| `mark`                | `0`     | SO_MARK for policy routing (`0` = unset).                        |

Numeric fields left at `0` are omitted on the wire so Xray keeps OS defaults.
Advanced entries (`happyEyeballs`, `customSockopt[]`, keepalive timers) are
available for special cases.

## Security

The security layer is one of **`none`**, **`tls`**, or **`reality`**, with these
eligibility rules:

| Security    | Eligible transports                          | Eligible protocols                                  |
| ----------- | -------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- |
| **TLS**     | `tcp`, `ws`, `grpc`, `httpupgrade`, `xhttp`  | VLESS, VMess, Trojan, Shadowsocks (Hysteria2 is always TLS) |
| **REALITY** | `tcp`, `grpc`, `xhttp`                       | VLESS, Trojan                                       |

mKCP and Hysteria don't take a separate TLS/REALITY layer — mKCP runs plaintext
(obfuscate with FinalMask), and Hysteria is QUIC/TLS by design. REALITY disguises
your server as a real TLS site and needs no certificate — see
[REALITY](/docs/config/reality).

## XTLS-Vision flow

The `xtls-rprx-vision` flow is fast and DPI-resistant. It's available for
**VLESS** when either:

- the transport is raw **TCP** with **TLS** or **REALITY** security (classic
  XTLS-Vision), or
- the transport is **XHTTP** with VLESS encryption enabled (see below).

Set the flow on the VLESS **client**, not the inbound. With classic Vision on
TCP, the panel can also offer a **Vision seed** once a client uses the flow.

## VLESS encryption (ML-KEM)

VLESS supports post-quantum **encryption** (ML-KEM / `mlkem768x25519`), stored in
the inbound's `decryption` (server) and clients' `encryption` (for link
generation). When enabled, it unlocks the Vision flow over XHTTP. Generate the
keys from the panel's VLESS settings.

## Shadowsocks ciphers

Shadowsocks inbounds support both classic ciphers and **Shadowsocks-2022**
(method names starting with `2022-blake3-`). Most ciphers are multi-user;
`2022-blake3-chacha20-poly1305` is single-user.

<Callout type="info">
  Transports and security must match on both ends. The client's share link
  encodes them (`type=ws`, `security=reality`, `flow=xtls-rprx-vision`, …) —
  decode any link with the [share-link inspector](/docs/config/share-links).
</Callout>