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  3. <title>avram - a virtual machine code interpreter</title>
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  22. <body>
    23. 

  23. <h1 class="settitle">avram - a virtual machine code interpreter</h1>
    24. 

  24. <div class="shortcontents">
    25. 

  25. <h2>Short Contents</h2>
    26. 

  26. <ul>
    27. 

  27. <li><a href="index.html#toc_Preface">Preface</a></li>
    28. 

  28. <li><a href="index.html#toc_User-Manual">1 User Manual</a></li>
    29. 

  29. <li><a href="index.html#toc_Virtual-Machine-Specification">2 Virtual Machine Specification</a></li>
    30. 

  30. <li><a href="index.html#toc_Library-Reference">3 Library Reference</a></li>
    31. 

  31. <li><a href="index.html#toc_Character-Table">Appendix A Character Table</a></li>
    32. 

  32. <li><a href="index.html#toc_Reference-Implementations">Appendix B Reference Implementations</a></li>
    33. 

  33. <li><a href="index.html#toc_Changes">Appendix C Changes</a></li>
    34. 

  34. <li><a href="index.html#toc_External-Libraries">Appendix D External Libraries</a></li>
    35. 

  35. <li><a href="index.html#toc_Copying">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a></li>
    36. 

  36. <li><a href="index.html#toc_Function-Index">Function Index</a></li>
    37. 

  37. <li><a href="index.html#toc_Concept-Index">Concept Index</a></li>
    38. 

  38. </ul>
    39. 

  39. </div>
    40. 

  40. 

  41. 

  42. 

  43.    <div class="contents">
    44. 

  44. <h2>Table of Contents</h2>
    45. 

  45. <ul>
    46. 

  46. <li><a name="toc_Preface" href="Preface.html#Preface">Preface</a>
    47. 

  47. <li><a name="toc_User-Manual" href="User-Manual.html#User-Manual">1 User Manual</a>
    48. 

  48. <ul>
    49. 

  49. <li><a href="General-Options.html#General-Options">1.1 General Options</a>
    50. 

  50. <li><a href="Modes-of-Operation.html#Modes-of-Operation">1.2 Modes of Operation</a>
    51. 

  51. <ul>
    52. 

  52. <li><a href="Filter-Mode.html#Filter-Mode">1.2.1 Filter Mode</a>
    53. 

  53. <li><a href="Parameter-Mode.html#Parameter-Mode">1.2.2 Parameter Mode</a>
    54. 

  54. </li></ul>
    55. 

  55. <li><a href="Filter-Mode-Options.html#Filter-Mode-Options">1.3 Filter Mode Options</a>
    56. 

  56. <li><a href="Parameter-Mode-Options.html#Parameter-Mode-Options">1.4 Parameter Mode Options</a>
    57. 

  57. <li><a href="Command-Line-Syntax.html#Command-Line-Syntax">1.5 Command Line Syntax</a>
    58. 

  58. <li><a href="Diagnostics.html#Diagnostics">1.6 Diagnostics</a>
    59. 

  59. <ul>
    60. 

  60. <li><a href="Internal-Errors.html#Internal-Errors">1.6.1 Internal Errors</a>
    61. 

  61. <li><a href="i_002fo-Errors.html#i_002fo-Errors">1.6.2 i/o Errors</a>
    62. 

  62. <li><a href="Overflow-Errors.html#Overflow-Errors">1.6.3 Overflow Errors</a>
    63. 

  63. <li><a href="File-Format-Errors.html#File-Format-Errors">1.6.4 File Format Errors</a>
    64. 

  64. <li><a href="Application-Programming-Errors.html#Application-Programming-Errors">1.6.5 Application Programming Errors</a>
    65. 

  65. <li><a href="Configuration-Related-Errors.html#Configuration-Related-Errors">1.6.6 Configuration Related Errors</a>
    66. 

  66. <li><a href="Other-Diagnostics-and-Warnings.html#Other-Diagnostics-and-Warnings">1.6.7 Other Diagnostics and Warnings</a>
    67. 

  67. </li></ul>
    68. 

  68. <li><a href="Security.html#Security">1.7 Security</a>
    69. 

  69. <li><a href="Example-Script.html#Example-Script">1.8 Example Script</a>
    70. 

  70. <li><a href="Files.html#Files">1.9 Files</a>
    71. 

  71. <li><a href="Environment.html#Environment">1.10 Environment</a>
    72. 

  72. <li><a href="Bugs.html#Bugs">1.11 Bugs</a>
    73. 

  73. </li></ul>
    74. 

  74. <li><a name="toc_Virtual-Machine-Specification" href="Virtual-Machine-Specification.html#Virtual-Machine-Specification">2 Virtual Machine Specification</a>
    75. 

  75. <ul>
    76. 

  76. <li><a href="Raw-Material.html#Raw-Material">2.1 Raw Material</a>
    77. 

  77. <li><a href="Concrete-Syntax.html#Concrete-Syntax">2.2 Concrete Syntax</a>
    78. 

  78. <ul>
    79. 

  79. <li><a href="Bit-String-Encoding.html#Bit-String-Encoding">2.2.1 Bit String Encoding</a>
    80. 

  80. <li><a href="Blocking.html#Blocking">2.2.2 Blocking</a>
    81. 

  81. </li></ul>
    82. 

  82. <li><a href="File-Format.html#File-Format">2.3 File Format</a>
    83. 

  83. <ul>
    84. 

  84. <li><a href="Preamble-Section.html#Preamble-Section">2.3.1 Preamble Section</a>
    85. 

  85. <li><a href="Data-Section.html#Data-Section">2.3.2 Data Section</a>
    86. 

  86. </li></ul>
    87. 

  87. <li><a href="Representation-of-Numeric-and-Textual-Data.html#Representation-of-Numeric-and-Textual-Data">2.4 Representation of Numeric and Textual Data</a>
    88. 

  88. <li><a href="Filter-Mode-Interface.html#Filter-Mode-Interface">2.5 Filter Mode Interface</a>
    89. 

  89. <ul>
    90. 

  90. <li><a href="Loading-All-of-Standard-Input-at-Once.html#Loading-All-of-Standard-Input-at-Once">2.5.1 Loading All of Standard Input at Once</a>
    91. 

  91. <ul>
    92. 

  92. <li><a href="Standard-Input-Representation.html#Standard-Input-Representation">2.5.1.1 Standard Input Representation</a>
    93. 

  93. <li><a href="Standard-Output-Representation.html#Standard-Output-Representation">2.5.1.2 Standard Output Representation</a>
    94. 

  94. </li></ul>
    95. 

  95. <li><a href="Line-Maps.html#Line-Maps">2.5.2 Line Maps</a>
    96. 

  96. <li><a href="Byte-Transducers.html#Byte-Transducers">2.5.3 Byte Transducers</a>
    97. 

  97. </li></ul>
    98. 

  98. <li><a href="Parameter-Mode-Interface.html#Parameter-Mode-Interface">2.6 Parameter Mode Interface</a>
    99. 

  99. <ul>
    100. 

  100. <li><a href="Input-Data-Structure.html#Input-Data-Structure">2.6.1 Input Data Structure</a>
    101. 

  101. <li><a href="Input-for-Mapped-Applications.html#Input-for-Mapped-Applications">2.6.2 Input for Mapped Applications</a>
    102. 

  102. <li><a href="Output-From-Non_002dinteractive-Applications.html#Output-From-Non_002dinteractive-Applications">2.6.3 Output From Non-interactive Applications</a>
    103. 

  103. <li><a href="Output-From-Interactive-Applications.html#Output-From-Interactive-Applications">2.6.4 Output From Interactive Applications</a>
    104. 

  104. <ul>
    105. 

  105. <li><a href="Line-Oriented-Interaction.html#Line-Oriented-Interaction">2.6.4.1 Line Oriented Interaction</a>
    106. 

  106. <li><a href="Character-Oriented-Interaction.html#Character-Oriented-Interaction">2.6.4.2 Character Oriented Interaction</a>
    107. 

  107. <li><a href="Mixed-Modes-of-Interaction.html#Mixed-Modes-of-Interaction">2.6.4.3 Mixed Modes of Interaction</a>
    108. 

  108. </li></ul>
    109. 

  109. </li></ul>
    110. 

  110. <li><a href="Virtual-Code-Semantics.html#Virtual-Code-Semantics">2.7 Virtual Code Semantics</a>
    111. 

  111. <ul>
    112. 

  112. <li><a href="A-New-Operator.html#A-New-Operator">2.7.1 A New Operator</a>
    113. 

  113. <li><a href="On-Equality.html#On-Equality">2.7.2 On Equality</a>
    114. 

  114. <li><a href="A-Minimal-Set-of-Properties.html#A-Minimal-Set-of-Properties">2.7.3 A Minimal Set of Properties</a>
    115. 

  115. <li><a href="A-Simple-Lisp-Like-Language.html#A-Simple-Lisp-Like-Language">2.7.4 A Simple Lisp Like Language</a>
    116. 

  116. <ul>
    117. 

  117. <li><a href="Syntax.html#Syntax">2.7.4.1 Syntax</a>
    118. 

  118. <li><a href="Semantics.html#Semantics">2.7.4.2 Semantics</a>
    119. 

  119. <li><a href="Standard-Library.html#Standard-Library">2.7.4.3 Standard Library</a>
    120. 

  120. </li></ul>
    121. 

  121. <li><a href="How-_003ccode_003eavram_003c_002fcode_003e-Thinks.html#How-_003ccode_003eavram_003c_002fcode_003e-Thinks">2.7.5 How <code>avram</code> Thinks</a>
    122. 

  122. <li><a href="Variable-Freedom.html#Variable-Freedom">2.7.6 Variable Freedom</a>
    123. 

  123. <li><a href="Metrics-and-Maintenance.html#Metrics-and-Maintenance">2.7.7 Metrics and Maintenance</a>
    124. 

  124. <ul>
    125. 

  125. <li><a href="Version.html#Version">2.7.7.1 Version</a>
    126. 

  126. <li><a href="Note.html#Note">2.7.7.2 Note</a>
    127. 

  127. <li><a href="Profile.html#Profile">2.7.7.3 Profile</a>
    128. 

  128. <li><a href="Weight.html#Weight">2.7.7.4 Weight</a>
    129. 

  129. </li></ul>
    130. 

  130. <li><a href="Deconstruction.html#Deconstruction">2.7.8 Deconstruction</a>
    131. 

  131. <ul>
    132. 

  132. <li><a href="Field.html#Field">2.7.8.1 Field</a>
    133. 

  133. <li><a href="Fan.html#Fan">2.7.8.2 Fan</a>
    134. 

  134. </li></ul>
    135. 

  135. <li><a href="Recursion.html#Recursion">2.7.9 Recursion</a>
    136. 

  136. <ul>
    137. 

  137. <li><a href="Recur.html#Recur">2.7.9.1 Recur</a>
    138. 

  138. <li><a href="Refer.html#Refer">2.7.9.2 Refer</a>
    139. 

  139. </li></ul>
    140. 

  140. <li><a href="Assignment.html#Assignment">2.7.10 Assignment</a>
    141. 

  141. <li><a href="Predicates.html#Predicates">2.7.11 Predicates</a>
    142. 

  142. <ul>
    143. 

  143. <li><a href="Compare.html#Compare">2.7.11.1 Compare</a>
    144. 

  144. <li><a href="Member.html#Member">2.7.11.2 Member</a>
    145. 

  145. </li></ul>
    146. 

  146. <li><a href="Iteration.html#Iteration">2.7.12 Iteration</a>
    147. 

  147. <li><a href="List-Combinators.html#List-Combinators">2.7.13 List Combinators</a>
    148. 

  148. <ul>
    149. 

  149. <li><a href="Map.html#Map">2.7.13.1 Map</a>
    150. 

  150. <li><a href="Filter.html#Filter">2.7.13.2 Filter</a>
    151. 

  151. <li><a href="Reduce.html#Reduce">2.7.13.3 Reduce</a>
    152. 

  152. <li><a href="Sort.html#Sort">2.7.13.4 Sort</a>
    153. 

  153. <li><a href="Transfer.html#Transfer">2.7.13.5 Transfer</a>
    154. 

  154. <li><a href="Mapcur.html#Mapcur">2.7.13.6 Mapcur</a>
    155. 

  155. </li></ul>
    156. 

  156. <li><a href="List-Functions.html#List-Functions">2.7.14 List Functions</a>
    157. 

  157. <ul>
    158. 

  158. <li><a href="Cat.html#Cat">2.7.14.1 Cat</a>
    159. 

  159. <li><a href="Reverse.html#Reverse">2.7.14.2 Reverse</a>
    160. 

  160. <li><a href="Distribute.html#Distribute">2.7.14.3 Distribute</a>
    161. 

  161. <li><a href="Transpose.html#Transpose">2.7.14.4 Transpose</a>
    162. 

  162. </li></ul>
    163. 

  163. <li><a href="Exception-Handling.html#Exception-Handling">2.7.15 Exception Handling</a>
    164. 

  164. <ul>
    165. 

  165. <li><a href="A-Hierarchy-of-Sets.html#A-Hierarchy-of-Sets">2.7.15.1 A Hierarchy of Sets</a>
    166. 

  166. <li><a href="Operator-Generalization.html#Operator-Generalization">2.7.15.2 Operator Generalization</a>
    167. 

  167. <li><a href="Error-Messages.html#Error-Messages">2.7.15.3 Error Messages</a>
    168. 

  168. <li><a href="Expedient-Error-Messages.html#Expedient-Error-Messages">2.7.15.4 Expedient Error Messages</a>
    169. 

  169. <li><a href="Computable-Error-Messages.html#Computable-Error-Messages">2.7.15.5 Computable Error Messages</a>
    170. 

  170. <li><a href="Exception-Handler-Usage.html#Exception-Handler-Usage">2.7.15.6 Exception Handler Usage</a>
    171. 

  171. </li></ul>
    172. 

  172. <li><a href="Interfaces-to-External-Code.html#Interfaces-to-External-Code">2.7.16 Interfaces to External Code</a>
    173. 

  173. <ul>
    174. 

  174. <li><a href="Library-combinator.html#Library-combinator">2.7.16.1 Library combinator</a>
    175. 

  175. <li><a href="Have-combinator.html#Have-combinator">2.7.16.2 Have combinator</a>
    176. 

  176. <li><a href="Interaction-combinator.html#Interaction-combinator">2.7.16.3 Interaction combinator</a>
    177. 

  177. </li></ul>
    178. 

  178. <li><a href="Vacant-Address-Space.html#Vacant-Address-Space">2.7.17 Vacant Address Space</a>
    179. 

  179. </li></ul>
    180. 

  180. </li></ul>
    181. 

  181. <li><a name="toc_Library-Reference" href="Library-Reference.html#Library-Reference">3 Library Reference</a>
    182. 

  182. <ul>
    183. 

  183. <li><a href="Lists.html#Lists">3.1 Lists</a>
    184. 

  184. <ul>
    185. 

  185. <li><a href="Simple-Operations.html#Simple-Operations">3.1.1 Simple Operations</a>
    186. 

  186. <li><a href="Recoverable-Operations.html#Recoverable-Operations">3.1.2 Recoverable Operations</a>
    187. 

  187. <li><a href="List-Transformations.html#List-Transformations">3.1.3 List Transformations</a>
    188. 

  188. <li><a href="Type-Conversions.html#Type-Conversions">3.1.4 Type Conversions</a>
    189. 

  189. <ul>
    190. 

  190. <li><a href="Primitive-types.html#Primitive-types">3.1.4.1 Primitive types</a>
    191. 

  191. <li><a href="One-dimensional-arrays.html#One-dimensional-arrays">3.1.4.2 One dimensional arrays</a>
    192. 

  192. <li><a href="Two-dimensional-arrays.html#Two-dimensional-arrays">3.1.4.3 Two dimensional arrays</a>
    193. 

  193. <li><a href="Related-utility-functions.html#Related-utility-functions">3.1.4.4 Related utility functions</a>
    194. 

  194. </li></ul>
    195. 

  195. <li><a href="Comparison.html#Comparison">3.1.5 Comparison</a>
    196. 

  196. <li><a href="Deconstruction-Functions.html#Deconstruction-Functions">3.1.6 Deconstruction Functions</a>
    197. 

  197. <li><a href="Indirection.html#Indirection">3.1.7 Indirection</a>
    198. 

  198. <li><a href="The-Universal-Function.html#The-Universal-Function">3.1.8 The Universal Function</a>
    199. 

  199. </li></ul>
    200. 

  200. <li><a href="Characters-and-Strings.html#Characters-and-Strings">3.2 Characters and Strings</a>
    201. 

  201. <li><a href="File-Manipulation.html#File-Manipulation">3.3 File Manipulation</a>
    202. 

  202. <ul>
    203. 

  203. <li><a href="File-Names.html#File-Names">3.3.1 File Names</a>
    204. 

  204. <li><a href="Raw-Files.html#Raw-Files">3.3.2 Raw Files</a>
    205. 

  205. <li><a href="Formatted-Input.html#Formatted-Input">3.3.3 Formatted Input</a>
    206. 

  206. <li><a href="Formatted-Output.html#Formatted-Output">3.3.4 Formatted Output</a>
    207. 

  207. </li></ul>
    208. 

  208. <li><a href="Invocation.html#Invocation">3.4 Invocation</a>
    209. 

  209. <ul>
    210. 

  210. <li><a href="Command-Line-Parsing.html#Command-Line-Parsing">3.4.1 Command Line Parsing</a>
    211. 

  211. <li><a href="Execution-Modes.html#Execution-Modes">3.4.2 Execution Modes</a>
    212. 

  212. </li></ul>
    213. 

  213. <li><a href="Version-Management.html#Version-Management">3.5 Version Management</a>
    214. 

  214. <li><a href="Error-Reporting.html#Error-Reporting">3.6 Error Reporting</a>
    215. 

  215. <li><a href="Profiling.html#Profiling">3.7 Profiling</a>
    216. 

  216. <li><a href="Emulation-Primitives.html#Emulation-Primitives">3.8 Emulation Primitives</a>
    217. 

  217. <ul>
    218. 

  218. <li><a href="Lists-of-Pairs-of-Ports.html#Lists-of-Pairs-of-Ports">3.8.1 Lists of Pairs of Ports</a>
    219. 

  219. <li><a href="Ports-and-Packets.html#Ports-and-Packets">3.8.2 Ports and Packets</a>
    220. 

  220. <li><a href="Instruction-Stacks.html#Instruction-Stacks">3.8.3 Instruction Stacks</a>
    221. 

  221. </li></ul>
    222. 

  222. <li><a href="External-Library-Maintenance.html#External-Library-Maintenance">3.9 External Library Maintenance</a>
    223. 

  223. <ul>
    224. 

  224. <li><a href="Calling-existing-library-functions.html#Calling-existing-library-functions">3.9.1 Calling existing library functions</a>
    225. 

  225. <li><a href="Implementing-new-library-functions.html#Implementing-new-library-functions">3.9.2 Implementing new library functions</a>
    226. 

  226. <li><a href="Working-around-library-misfeatures.html#Working-around-library-misfeatures">3.9.3 Working around library misfeatures</a>
    227. 

  227. <ul>
    228. 

  228. <li><a href="Inept-excess-verbiage.html#Inept-excess-verbiage">3.9.3.1 Inept excess verbiage</a>
    229. 

  229. <li><a href="Memory-leaks.html#Memory-leaks">3.9.3.2 Memory leaks</a>
    230. 

  230. <li><a href="Suicidal-exception-handling.html#Suicidal-exception-handling">3.9.3.3 Suicidal exception handling</a>
    231. 

  231. </li></ul>
    232. 

  232. </li></ul>
    233. 

  233. </li></ul>
    234. 

  234. <li><a name="toc_Character-Table" href="Character-Table.html#Character-Table">Appendix A Character Table</a>
    235. 

  235. <li><a name="toc_Reference-Implementations" href="Reference-Implementations.html#Reference-Implementations">Appendix B Reference Implementations</a>
    236. 

  236. <ul>
    237. 

  237. <li><a href="Pairwise.html#Pairwise">B.1 Pairwise</a>
    238. 

  238. <li><a href="Insert.html#Insert">B.2 Insert</a>
    239. 

  239. <li><a href="Replace.html#Replace">B.3 Replace</a>
    240. 

  240. <li><a href="Transition.html#Transition">B.4 Transition</a>
    241. 

  241. </li></ul>
    242. 

  242. <li><a name="toc_Changes" href="Changes.html#Changes">Appendix C Changes</a>
    243. 

  243. <li><a name="toc_External-Libraries" href="External-Libraries.html#External-Libraries">Appendix D External Libraries</a>
    244. 

  244. <ul>
    245. 

  245. <li><a href="bes.html#bes">D.1 <code>bes</code></a>
    246. 

  246. <ul>
    247. 

  247. <li><a href="Bessel-function-calling-conventions.html#Bessel-function-calling-conventions">D.1.1 Bessel function calling conventions</a>
    248. 

  248. <li><a href="Bessel-function-errors.html#Bessel-function-errors">D.1.2 Bessel function errors</a>
    249. 

  249. </li></ul>
    250. 

  250. <li><a href="complex.html#complex">D.2 <code>complex</code></a>
    251. 

  251. <li><a href="fftw.html#fftw">D.3 <code>fftw</code></a>
    252. 

  252. <li><a href="glpk.html#glpk">D.4 <code>glpk</code></a>
    253. 

  253. <ul>
    254. 

  254. <li><a href="glpk-input-parameters.html#glpk-input-parameters">D.4.1 <code>glpk</code> input parameters</a>
    255. 

  255. <li><a href="glpk-output.html#glpk-output">D.4.2 <code>glpk</code> output</a>
    256. 

  256. <li><a href="glpk-errors.html#glpk-errors">D.4.3 <code>glpk</code> errors</a>
    257. 

  257. <li><a href="Additional-glpk-notes.html#Additional-glpk-notes">D.4.4 Additional <code>glpk</code> notes</a>
    258. 

  258. </li></ul>
    259. 

  259. <li><a href="gsldif.html#gsldif">D.5 <code>gsldif</code></a>
    260. 

  260. <ul>
    261. 

  261. <li><a href="gsldif-input-parameters.html#gsldif-input-parameters">D.5.1 <code>gsldif</code> input parameters</a>
    262. 

  262. <li><a href="gsldif-output.html#gsldif-output">D.5.2 <code>gsldif</code> output</a>
    263. 

  263. <li><a href="gsldif-exceptions.html#gsldif-exceptions">D.5.3 <code>gsldif</code> exceptions</a>
    264. 

  264. <li><a href="Additional-gsldif-notes.html#Additional-gsldif-notes">D.5.4 Additional <code>gsldif</code> notes</a>
    265. 

  265. </li></ul>
    266. 

  266. <li><a href="gslevu.html#gslevu">D.6 <code>gslevu</code></a>
    267. 

  267. <ul>
    268. 

  268. <li><a href="gslevu-calling-conventions.html#gslevu-calling-conventions">D.6.1 <code>gslevu</code> calling conventions</a>
    269. 

  269. <li><a href="gslevu-exceptions.html#gslevu-exceptions">D.6.2 <code>gslevu</code> exceptions</a>
    270. 

  270. </li></ul>
    271. 

  271. <li><a href="gslint.html#gslint">D.7 <code>gslint</code></a>
    272. 

  272. <ul>
    273. 

  273. <li><a href="gslint-input-parameters.html#gslint-input-parameters">D.7.1 <code>gslint</code> input parameters</a>
    274. 

  274. <li><a href="gslint-output.html#gslint-output">D.7.2 <code>gslint</code> output</a>
    275. 

  275. <li><a href="gslint-exceptions.html#gslint-exceptions">D.7.3 <code>gslint</code> exceptions</a>
    276. 

  276. <li><a href="Additional-gslint-notes.html#Additional-gslint-notes">D.7.4 Additional <code>gslint</code> notes</a>
    277. 

  277. </li></ul>
    278. 

  278. <li><a href="harminv.html#harminv">D.8 <code>harminv</code></a>
    279. 

  279. <ul>
    280. 

  280. <li><a href="harminv-input-parameters.html#harminv-input-parameters">D.8.1 <code>harminv</code> input parameters</a>
    281. 

  281. <li><a href="harminv-output.html#harminv-output">D.8.2 <code>harminv</code> output</a>
    282. 

  282. <li><a href="harminv-exceptions.html#harminv-exceptions">D.8.3 <code>harminv</code> exceptions</a>
    283. 

  283. <li><a href="Additional-harminv-notes.html#Additional-harminv-notes">D.8.4 Additional <code>harminv</code> notes</a>
    284. 

  284. </li></ul>
    285. 

  285. <li><a href="kinsol.html#kinsol">D.9 <code>kinsol</code></a>
    286. 

  286. <ul>
    287. 

  287. <li><a href="kinsol-input-parameters.html#kinsol-input-parameters">D.9.1 <code>kinsol</code> input parameters</a>
    288. 

  288. <li><a href="kinsol-output.html#kinsol-output">D.9.2 <code>kinsol</code> output</a>
    289. 

  289. <li><a href="kinsol-exceptions.html#kinsol-exceptions">D.9.3 <code>kinsol</code> exceptions</a>
    290. 

  290. <li><a href="Additional-kinsol-notes.html#Additional-kinsol-notes">D.9.4 Additional <code>kinsol</code> notes</a>
    291. 

  291. </li></ul>
    292. 

  292. <li><a href="lapack.html#lapack">D.10 <code>lapack</code></a>
    293. 

  293. <ul>
    294. 

  294. <li><a href="lapack-calling-conventions.html#lapack-calling-conventions">D.10.1 <code>lapack</code> calling conventions</a>
    295. 

  295. <li><a href="lapack-exceptions.html#lapack-exceptions">D.10.2 <code>lapack</code> exceptions</a>
    296. 

  296. <li><a href="Additional-lapack-notes.html#Additional-lapack-notes">D.10.3 Additional <code>lapack</code> notes</a>
    297. 

  297. </li></ul>
    298. 

  298. <li><a href="math.html#math">D.11 <code>math</code></a>
    299. 

  299. <ul>
    300. 

  300. <li><a href="math-library-operators.html#math-library-operators">D.11.1 <code>math</code> library operators</a>
    301. 

  301. <li><a href="math-library-predicates.html#math-library-predicates">D.11.2 <code>math</code> library predicates</a>
    302. 

  302. <li><a href="math-library-conversion-functions.html#math-library-conversion-functions">D.11.3 <code>math</code> library conversion functions</a>
    303. 

  303. <li><a href="math-library-exceptions.html#math-library-exceptions">D.11.4 <code>math</code> library exceptions</a>
    304. 

  304. <li><a href="Additional-math-library-notes.html#Additional-math-library-notes">D.11.5 Additional <code>math</code> library notes</a>
    305. 

  305. </li></ul>
    306. 

  306. <li><a href="mtwist.html#mtwist">D.12 <code>mtwist</code></a>
    307. 

  307. <ul>
    308. 

  308. <li><a href="mtwist-calling-conventions.html#mtwist-calling-conventions">D.12.1 <code>mtwist</code> calling conventions</a>
    309. 

  309. <li><a href="mtwist-exceptions.html#mtwist-exceptions">D.12.2 <code>mtwist</code> exceptions</a>
    310. 

  310. <li><a href="Additional-mtwist-notes.html#Additional-mtwist-notes">D.12.3 Additional <code>mtwist</code> notes</a>
    311. 

  311. </li></ul>
    312. 

  312. <li><a href="minpack.html#minpack">D.13 <code>minpack</code></a>
    313. 

  313. <ul>
    314. 

  314. <li><a href="minpack-calling-conventions.html#minpack-calling-conventions">D.13.1 <code>minpack</code> calling conventions</a>
    315. 

  315. <li><a href="minpack-exceptions.html#minpack-exceptions">D.13.2 <code>minpack</code> exceptions</a>
    316. 

  316. <li><a href="Additional-minpack-notes.html#Additional-minpack-notes">D.13.3 Additional <code>minpack</code> notes</a>
    317. 

  317. </li></ul>
    318. 

  318. <li><a href="mpfr.html#mpfr">D.14 <code>mpfr</code></a>
    319. 

  319. <ul>
    320. 

  320. <li><a href="mpfr-binary-operators.html#mpfr-binary-operators">D.14.1 <code>mpfr</code> binary operators</a>
    321. 

  321. <li><a href="mpfr-unary-operators.html#mpfr-unary-operators">D.14.2 <code>mpfr</code> unary operators</a>
    322. 

  322. <li><a href="mpfr-binary-operators-with-a-natural-operand.html#mpfr-binary-operators-with-a-natural-operand">D.14.3 <code>mpfr</code> binary operators with a natural operand</a>
    323. 

  323. <li><a href="mpfr-binary-predicates.html#mpfr-binary-predicates">D.14.4 <code>mpfr</code> binary predicates</a>
    324. 

  324. <li><a href="mpfr-unary-predicates.html#mpfr-unary-predicates">D.14.5 <code>mpfr</code> unary predicates</a>
    325. 

  325. <li><a href="mpfr-constants.html#mpfr-constants">D.14.6 <code>mpfr</code> constants</a>
    326. 

  326. <li><a href="mpfr-functions-with-miscellaneous-calling-conventions.html#mpfr-functions-with-miscellaneous-calling-conventions">D.14.7 <code>mpfr</code> functions with miscellaneous calling conventions</a>
    327. 

  327. <li><a href="mpfr-conversion-functions.html#mpfr-conversion-functions">D.14.8 <code>mpfr</code> conversion functions</a>
    328. 

  328. <li><a href="mpfr-exceptions.html#mpfr-exceptions">D.14.9 <code>mpfr</code> exceptions</a>
    329. 

  329. <li><a href="Additional-mpfr-notes.html#Additional-mpfr-notes">D.14.10 Additional <code>mpfr</code> notes</a>
    330. 

  330. </li></ul>
    331. 

  331. <li><a href="lpsolve.html#lpsolve">D.15 <code>lpsolve</code></a>
    332. 

  332. <ul>
    333. 

  333. <li><a href="lpsolve-calling-conventions.html#lpsolve-calling-conventions">D.15.1 <code>lpsolve</code> calling conventions</a>
    334. 

  334. <li><a href="lpsolve-return-values.html#lpsolve-return-values">D.15.2 <code>lpsolve</code> return values</a>
    335. 

  335. <li><a href="lpsolve-errors.html#lpsolve-errors">D.15.3 <code>lpsolve</code> errors</a>
    336. 

  336. </li></ul>
    337. 

  337. <li><a href="rmath.html#rmath">D.16 <code>rmath</code></a>
    338. 

  338. <ul>
    339. 

  339. <li><a href="rmath-statistical-functions.html#rmath-statistical-functions">D.16.1 <code>rmath</code> statistical functions</a>
    340. 

  340. <li><a href="rmath-miscellaneous-functions.html#rmath-miscellaneous-functions">D.16.2 <code>rmath</code> miscellaneous functions</a>
    341. 

  341. <li><a href="rmath-exceptions.html#rmath-exceptions">D.16.3 <code>rmath</code> exceptions</a>
    342. 

  342. </li></ul>
    343. 

  343. <li><a href="umf.html#umf">D.17 <code>umf</code></a>
    344. 

  344. <ul>
    345. 

  345. <li><a href="umf-input-parameters.html#umf-input-parameters">D.17.1 <code>umf</code> input parameters</a>
    346. 

  346. <li><a href="umf-output.html#umf-output">D.17.2 <code>umf</code> output</a>
    347. 

  347. <li><a href="umf-exceptions.html#umf-exceptions">D.17.3 <code>umf</code> exceptions</a>
    348. 

  348. <li><a href="Additional-umf-notes.html#Additional-umf-notes">D.17.4 Additional <code>umf</code> notes</a>
    349. 

  349. </li></ul>
    350. 

  350. </li></ul>
    351. 

  351. <li><a name="toc_Copying" href="Copying.html#Copying">GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE</a>
    352. 

  352. <ul>
    353. 

  353. <li><a href="Copying.html#Copying">Preamble</a>
    354. 

  354. <li><a href="Copying.html#Copying">How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</a>
    355. 

  355. </li></ul>
    356. 

  356. <li><a name="toc_Function-Index" href="Function-Index.html#Function-Index">Function Index</a>
    357. 

  357. <li><a name="toc_Concept-Index" href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index">Concept Index</a>
    358. 

  358. </li></ul>
    359. 

  359. </div>
    360. 

  360. 

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  364. <a name="Top"></a>
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  365. <p>
    366. 

  366. Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Preface.html#Preface">Preface</a>,
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  375. <li><a accesskey="1" href="Preface.html#Preface">Preface</a>:                         project aims and scope
    376. 

  376. <li><a accesskey="2" href="User-Manual.html#User-Manual">User Manual</a>:                     command line options and usage
    377. 

  377. <li><a accesskey="3" href="Virtual-Machine-Specification.html#Virtual-Machine-Specification">Virtual Machine Specification</a>:   a guide for compiler writers
    378. 

  378. <li><a accesskey="4" href="Library-Reference.html#Library-Reference">Library Reference</a>:               how to reuse or enhance <code>avram</code>
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  379. <li><a accesskey="5" href="Character-Table.html#Character-Table">Character Table</a>:                 representations for ASCII characters
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  380. <li><a accesskey="6" href="Reference-Implementations.html#Reference-Implementations">Reference Implementations</a>:       constructive computability proofs
    381. 

  381. <li><a accesskey="7" href="Changes.html#Changes">Changes</a>:                         recent updates to the manual
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  382. <li><a accesskey="8" href="External-Libraries.html#External-Libraries">External Libraries</a>:              specifications and calling conventions
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  389.