qic/qic.c

#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

size_t GID = 0;

typedef struct {
  void **data;

  size_t length;
} list_t;

list_t *list_new(void) {
  list_t *list = malloc(sizeof(list_t));
  list->data = NULL;
  list->length = 0;

  return list;
}

void list_push(list_t *l, void *v) {
  size_t i = l->length++;

  l->data = realloc(l->data, l->length * sizeof(void *));

  l->data[i] = v;
}

void *list_pop(list_t *l) {
  if (!l->length)
    return NULL;

  return l->data[--l->length];
}

void *list_index(list_t *l, ssize_t index) {
  if (!l->length)
    return NULL;

  if (index < 0)
    index += ((ssize_t)l->length);

  if (index < 0 || index >= l->length)
    return NULL;

  return l->data[index];
}

void list_set(list_t *l, ssize_t index, void *v) {
  if (!l->length)
    return;

  if (index < 0)
    index += ((ssize_t)l->length);

  if (index < 0 || index >= l->length)
    return;

  l->data[index] = v;
}

typedef struct {
  size_t *data;

  size_t length;
} stack_t;

stack_t *stack_new(void) {
  stack_t *stack = malloc(sizeof(list_t));
  stack->data = NULL;
  stack->length = 0;

  return stack;
}

void stack_push(stack_t *l, size_t v) {
  size_t i = l->length++;

  l->data = realloc(l->data, l->length * sizeof(size_t));
  l->data[i] = v;
}

size_t stack_pop(stack_t *l) {
  if (!l->length)
    return 0;

  return l->data[--l->length];
}

struct entry_t {
  char *key;
  void *value;
};

struct table_t {
  struct entry_t *entries;

  size_t used;
  size_t capacity;
};

typedef struct entry_t entry_t;
typedef struct table_t table_t;

table_t *table_new() {
  table_t *table = malloc(sizeof(table_t));
  table->used = 0;

  table->capacity = 32;
  table->entries = calloc(table->capacity, sizeof(entry_t));

  return table;
}

unsigned long ht_hash(const char* key) {
    unsigned long hash = 5381;
    int c;

    while ((c = *key++))
        hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + c;

    return hash;
}

void *table_get(table_t *table, char *key) {
  if (!table->used)
    return NULL;

  unsigned long hash = ht_hash(key);
  size_t index = hash % table->capacity;

  size_t i = index;

  while (table->entries[i].key) {
    if (strcmp(table->entries[i].key, key) == 0)
      return table->entries[i].value;

    i++;

    if (i >= table->capacity)
      i = 0;

    if (i == index)
      break;
  }

  return NULL;
}

static void table_entry_set(entry_t *entries, char *key, void *value, size_t capacity, size_t *used) {
  unsigned long hash = ht_hash(key);
  size_t index = hash % capacity;

  size_t i = index;

  while (entries[i].key) {
    if (strcmp(entries[i].key, key) == 0) {
      entries[i].value = value;

      return;
    }

    i++;

    if (i >= capacity)
      i = 0;

    if (i == index)
      break;
  }

  if (used)
    (*used)++;

  entries[i].key = key;
  entries[i].value = value;
}

table_t *table_set(table_t *table, char *key, void *value) {
  if (table->used >= table->capacity) {
    size_t capacity = table->capacity + 32;
    entry_t *entries = calloc(capacity, sizeof(entry_t));

    for (size_t i = 0; i < table->capacity; i++) {
      entry_t entry = table->entries[i];

      if (entry.key)
        table_entry_set(entries, entry.key, entry.value, capacity, NULL);
    }

    table->entries = entries;
    table->capacity = capacity;
  }

  table_entry_set(table->entries, key, value, table->capacity, &table->used);

  return table;
}

#define table_iterate(table, code)                                             \
  {                                                                            \
    if ((table)->used) {                                                         \
      size_t i = 0;                                                            \
      while (i < (table)->capacity) {                                          \
        entry_t entry = (table)->entries[i];                             \
        if (entry.key) {                                                       \
          code;                                                                \
        }                                                                      \
        i++;                                                                   \
      }                                                                        \
    }                                                                          \
  }

typedef struct {
  char *str;

  size_t size;
} buffer_t;

buffer_t *buffer_new(void) {
  buffer_t *buf = malloc(sizeof(buffer_t));

  buf->str = NULL;
  buf->size = 0;

  return buf;
}

void buffer_append(buffer_t *buf, char c) {
  buf->size++;

  void *p = malloc(sizeof(char) * buf->size);
  if (buf->str)
    memcpy(p, buf->str, buf->size - 1);

  buf->str = p;

  buf->str[buf->size - 1] = c;
}

char *buffer_read(buffer_t *buf) {
  if (buf->size == 0 || buf->str[buf->size - 1])
    buffer_append(buf, 0);

  return buf->str;
}

void buffer_appends(buffer_t *buf, char *s) {
  for (size_t i = 0; i < strlen(s); i++)
    buffer_append(buf, s[i]);
}

void buffer_appendb(buffer_t *dst, buffer_t *src) {
  for (size_t i = 0; i < src->size; i++)
    buffer_append(dst, src->str[i]);
}

void buffer_fmt(buffer_t *buf, const char *fmt, ...) {
  va_list args;
  va_start(args, fmt);

  size_t size = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, fmt, args);
  char *str = malloc(sizeof(char) * (size + 1));

  vsnprintf(str, size + 1, fmt, args);

  va_end(args);

  buffer_appends(buf, str);
}

typedef struct {
  enum {
    T_EOF,

    T_NUMBER,
    T_STRING,
    T_NAME,

    T_VAR,
    T_LET,
    T_CONST,
    T_UNPACK,
    T_IF,
    T_ELSE,
    T_ELIF,
    T_SWITCH,
    T_CASE,
    T_DEFAULT,
    T_FOR,
    T_OF,
    T_BREAK,
    T_CONTINUE,
    T_PASS,
    T_FUNC,
    T_USE,
    T_RETURN,
    T_DEFER,
    T_REQUIRE,
    T_TRY,
    T_CATCH,
    T_THROW,
    T_GOTO,
    T_CLASS,
    T_IS,
    T_IN,

    T_LPAR,
    T_RPAR,
    T_LSB,
    T_RSB,
    T_LCB,
    T_RCB,

    T_EQUALS,
    T_NOTEQUALS,
    T_PLUSASSIGN,
    T_MINUSASSIGN,
    T_SLASHASSIGN,
    T_STARASSIGN,
    T_SLASHSLASHASSIGN,
    T_PERCENTASSIGN,
    T_STARSTARASSIGN,
    T_BARASSIGN,
    T_BARBAR,
    T_ANDAND,
    T_STARSTAR,
    T_PLUSPLUS,
    T_MINUSMINUS,
    T_SLASHSLASH,

    T_PLUS,
    T_MINUS,
    T_QM,
    T_COLON,
    T_BAR,
    T_AND,
    T_LT,
    T_LTLT,
    T_GT,
    T_GTGT,
    T_LE,
    T_GE,
    T_STAR,
    T_SLASH,
    T_PERCENT,
    T_COMMA,
    T_DOT,
    T_BANG,
    T_RAISE,
    T_TILDE,

    T_INLINE,

    T_ASSIGN,
    T_SEMI
  } tag;

  char *text;

  size_t fi;
  size_t pos;
} token_t;

token_t *token(int tag, char *text) {
  token_t *tok = malloc(sizeof(token_t));
  tok->tag = tag;
  tok->text = text;

  return tok;
}

#define TK(tk) (token(T_##tk, NULL))
#define WS() while (source[*pos] == ' ' || source[*pos] == '\t' || source[*pos] == '\n' || source[*pos] == '\r') { (*pos)++; }

void consume_ignored(char *source, size_t *pos) {
  WS();

  while (source[*pos] == '#') {
    (*pos)++;

    for (;;) {
      if (!source[*pos])
        break;

      if (source[*pos] == '\n') {
        (*pos)++;

        break;
      }

      (*pos)++;
    }

    WS();
  }
}

list_t *FILES;
list_t *REQUIRED;

int is_required(char *path) {
  for (size_t i = 0; i < REQUIRED->length; i++)
    if (strcmp(REQUIRED->data[i], path) == 0)
      return 1;

  return 0;
}

void traverse(char *source, size_t pos, size_t *line, size_t *col) {
  *line = 1;
  *col = 1;

  for (size_t i = 0; i < pos; i++) {
     if (source[i] == '\n') {
       (*line)++;
       (*col) = 1;
     } else (*col)++;
  }
}

void format_error(char *filename, char *source, size_t pos, char *fmt, ...) {
  size_t line, col;
  traverse(source, pos, &line, &col);

  va_list args;
  va_start(args, fmt);

  fprintf(stderr, "%s (%zu:%zu): ", filename, line, col);
  vfprintf(stderr, fmt, args);
  fputc('\n', stderr);

  va_end(args);
}

#define GETFNAME(fi) ((char *)((list_t *)list_index(FILES, fi))->data[0])
#define GETSRC(fi) ((char *)((list_t *)list_index(FILES, fi))->data[1])

#define LEX_ERROR(fmt, ...) { format_error(GETFNAME(-1), source, *pos, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__); exit(1); }

token_t *next_token(char *source, size_t *pos) {
  if (!source[*pos])
    return token(T_EOF, NULL);

  if (source[*pos] == '"' || source[*pos] == '\'' || source[*pos] == '`') {
    char term = source[(*pos)++];

    buffer_t *text = buffer_new();

    while (source[*pos] != term) {
      if (!source[*pos])
        LEX_ERROR("unterminated string literal");

      char c = source[(*pos)++];
      if (c == '\n' && term != '`')
        LEX_ERROR("unterminated string literal");

      if (term != '`' && c == '\\') {
        char nc = source[(*pos)++];

        if (!nc)
          continue;

        switch (nc) {
          case 'n':
            buffer_appends(text, "\\n");
            break;

          case 't':
            buffer_appends(text, "\\t");
            break;

          case 'r':
            buffer_appends(text, "\\r");
            break;

          case 'b':
            buffer_appends(text, "\\b");
            break;

          case 'e':
            buffer_appends(text, "\\e");
            break;

          case 's':
            buffer_appends(text, " ");
            break;

          case '"':
            buffer_appends(text, "\\\"");
            break;

          case '\\':
            buffer_appends(text, "\\\\");
            break;

          case '\n':
            buffer_appends(text, "\\n");
            break;

          default:
            buffer_append(text, nc);
            break;
        }

        continue;
      }

      if (c == '"' || c == '\\')
        buffer_append(text, '\\');
      else if (c == '\n')
        buffer_appends(text, "\\n");

      buffer_append(text, c);
    }

    (*pos)++;

    return token(T_STRING, buffer_read(text));
  } else if (source[*pos] == '0' && (source[(*pos)+1] == 'x' || source[(*pos)+1] == 'b' || source[(*pos)+1] == 'o')) {
    buffer_t *number = buffer_new();
    buffer_append(number, source[(*pos)++]);

    char b = source[(*pos)++];

    buffer_append(number, b);

    while (source[*pos] && strchr(b == 'x' ? "0123456789abcdefABCDEF": b == 'b' ? "01": "01234567", source[*pos]) != NULL)
      buffer_append(number, source[(*pos)++]);

    if (number->size < 3)
      LEX_ERROR("illegal number literal (trailing base)");

    return token(T_NUMBER, buffer_read(number));
  } else if ((source[*pos] == '.' && isdigit(source[(*pos)+1])) || isdigit(source[*pos])) {
    buffer_t *number = buffer_new();
    int dot = 0;
    int sub = 0;
    int skip = 0;

    if (source[*pos] == '.') {
      buffer_append(number, '0');

      skip = 1;
    }

    do {
      if (skip) skip = 0;
      else
        buffer_append(number, source[(*pos)++]);

      if (!dot && source[*pos] == '.') {
        buffer_append(number, source[(*pos)++]);

        if (!isdigit(source[*pos]))
          LEX_ERROR("illegal number literal (missing part after floating point)");

        dot = 1;
      } else if (!sub && source[*pos] == '_') {
        (*pos)++;

        if (!isdigit(source[*pos]))
          LEX_ERROR("illegal number literal (missing part after underscore)");

        sub = 1;
      } else if (sub) sub = 0;
    } while (isdigit(source[*pos]));

    return token(T_NUMBER, buffer_read(number));
  } else if (isalpha(source[*pos]) || source[*pos] == '_') {
    buffer_t *text = buffer_new();

    do {
      buffer_append(text, source[(*pos)++]);
    } while (isalpha(source[*pos]) || source[*pos] == '_' || isdigit(source[*pos]));

    char *name = buffer_read(text);

    if (strcmp(name, "var") == 0)
      return TK(VAR);
    else if (strcmp(name, "let") == 0)
      return TK(LET);
    else if (strcmp(name, "const") == 0)
      return TK(CONST);
    else if (strcmp(name, "unpack") == 0)
      return TK(UNPACK);
    else if (strcmp(name, "if") == 0)
      return TK(IF);
    else if (strcmp(name, "else") == 0)
      return TK(ELSE);
    else if (strcmp(name, "elif") == 0)
      return TK(ELIF);
    else if (strcmp(name, "switch") == 0)
      return TK(SWITCH);
    else if (strcmp(name, "case") == 0)
      return TK(CASE);
    else if (strcmp(name, "default") == 0)
      return TK(DEFAULT);
    else if (strcmp(name, "for") == 0)
      return TK(FOR);
    else if (strcmp(name, "break") == 0)
      return TK(BREAK);
    else if (strcmp(name, "continue") == 0)
      return TK(CONTINUE);
    else if (strcmp(name, "func") == 0)
      return TK(FUNC);
    else if (strcmp(name, "use") == 0)
      return TK(USE);
    else if (strcmp(name, "return") == 0)
      return TK(RETURN);
    else if (strcmp(name, "defer") == 0)
      return TK(DEFER);
    else if (strcmp(name, "pass") == 0)
      return TK(PASS);
    else if (strcmp(name, "require") == 0)
      return TK(REQUIRE);
    else if (strcmp(name, "try") == 0)
      return TK(TRY);
    else if (strcmp(name, "catch") == 0)
      return TK(CATCH);
    else if (strcmp(name, "throw") == 0)
      return TK(THROW);
    else if (strcmp(name, "goto") == 0)
      return TK(GOTO);
    else if (strcmp(name, "class") == 0)
      return TK(CLASS);
    else if (strcmp(name, "is") == 0)
      return TK(IS);
    else if (strcmp(name, "in") == 0)
      return TK(IN);
    else if (strcmp(name, "of") == 0)
      return TK(OF);
    else if (strcmp(name, "inline") == 0)
      return TK(INLINE);

    return token(T_NAME, name);
  } else if (strncmp(&source[*pos], "==", 2) == 0 && ++(*pos) && ++(*pos))
    return TK(EQUALS);
  else if (strncmp(&source[*pos], "!=", 2) == 0 && ++(*pos) && ++(*pos))
    return TK(NOTEQUALS);
  else if (strncmp(&source[*pos], "+=", 2) == 0 && ++(*pos) && ++(*pos))
    return TK(PLUSASSIGN);
  else if (strncmp(&source[*pos], "-=", 2) == 0 && ++(*pos) && ++(*pos))
    return TK(MINUSASSIGN);
  else if (strncmp(&source[*pos], "*=", 2) == 0 && ++(*pos) && ++(*pos))
    return TK(STARASSIGN);
  else if (strncmp(&source[*pos], "/=", 2) == 0 && ++(*pos) && ++(*pos))
    return TK(SLASHASSIGN);
  else if (strncmp(&source[*pos], "//=", 3) == 0 && ++(*pos) && ++(*pos) && ++(*pos))
    return TK(SLASHSLASHASSIGN);
  else if (strncmp(&source[*pos], "%=", 2) == 0 && ++(*pos) && ++(*pos))
    return TK(PERCENTASSIGN);
  else if (strncmp(&source[*pos], "**=", 3) == 0 && ++(*pos) && ++(*pos) && ++(*pos))
    return TK(STARSTARASSIGN);
  else if (strncmp(&source[*pos], "|=", 2) == 0 && ++(*pos) && ++(*pos))
    return TK(BARASSIGN);
  else if (strncmp(&source[*pos], "||", 2) == 0 && ++(*pos) && ++(*pos))
    return TK(BARBAR);
  else if (strncmp(&source[*pos], "&&", 2) == 0 && ++(*pos) && ++(*pos))
    return TK(ANDAND);
  else if (strncmp(&source[*pos], "++", 2) == 0 && ++(*pos) && ++(*pos))
    return TK(PLUSPLUS);
  else if (strncmp(&source[*pos], "--", 2) == 0 && ++(*pos) && ++(*pos))
    return TK(MINUSMINUS);
  else if (strncmp(&source[*pos], "//", 2) == 0 && ++(*pos) && ++(*pos))
    return TK(SLASHSLASH);
  else if (strncmp(&source[*pos], "**", 2) == 0 && ++(*pos) && ++(*pos))
    return TK(STARSTAR);
  else if (strncmp(&source[*pos], "<<", 2) == 0 && ++(*pos) && ++(*pos))
    return TK(LTLT);
  else if (strncmp(&source[*pos], ">>", 2) == 0 && ++(*pos) && ++(*pos))
    return TK(GTGT);
  else if (strncmp(&source[*pos], "<=", 2) == 0 && ++(*pos) && ++(*pos))
    return TK(LE);
  else if (strncmp(&source[*pos], ">=", 2) == 0 && ++(*pos) && ++(*pos))
    return TK(GE);
  else if (source[*pos] == '(' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(LPAR);
  else if (source[*pos] == ')' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(RPAR);
  else if (source[*pos] == '[' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(LSB);
  else if (source[*pos] == ']' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(RSB);
  else if (source[*pos] == '{' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(LCB);
  else if (source[*pos] == '}' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(RCB);
  else if (source[*pos] == '+' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(PLUS);
  else if (source[*pos] == '-' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(MINUS);
  else if (source[*pos] == '*' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(STAR);
  else if (source[*pos] == '/' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(SLASH);
  else if (source[*pos] == '%' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(PERCENT);
  else if (source[*pos] == '?' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(QM);
  else if (source[*pos] == ':' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(COLON);
  else if (source[*pos] == '=' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(ASSIGN);
  else if (source[*pos] == ';' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(SEMI);
  else if (source[*pos] == ',' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(COMMA);
  else if (source[*pos] == '.' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(DOT);
  else if (source[*pos] == '<' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(LT);
  else if (source[*pos] == '>' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(GT);
  else if (source[*pos] == '!' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(BANG);
  else if (source[*pos] == '|' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(BAR);
  else if (source[*pos] == '&' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(AND);
  else if (source[*pos] == '^' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(RAISE);
  else if (source[*pos] == '~' && ++(*pos))
    return TK(TILDE);

  LEX_ERROR("unexpected input")
}

list_t *tokenize(char *source) {
  size_t pos = 0;
  list_t *toks = list_new();

  do {
    consume_ignored(source, &pos);

    size_t tok_pos = pos;

    token_t *tok = next_token(source, &pos);
    tok->fi = FILES->length-1;
    tok->pos = tok_pos;

    list_push(toks, tok);

    if (tok->tag == T_EOF)
      break;
  } while (1);

  return toks;
}

struct _node_t {
  enum {
    N_TOPLEVEL,
    N_PROGRAM,
    N_EXPRSTMT,

    N_BLOCK,

    N_NOT,
    N_NEGATE,
    N_BNOT,

    N_LITERAL,
    N_LIST,
    N_TUPLE,
    N_NILTUPLE,
    N_TABLE,

    N_CALL,
    N_MEMBER,
    N_INDEX,

    N_ADD,
    N_SUB,
    N_MUL,
    N_DIV,
    N_IDIV,
    N_MOD,
    N_POW,
    N_SHL,
    N_SHR,
    N_XOR,
    N_BOR,
    N_BAND,

    N_ASSIGN,
    N_ASSIGN_ADD,
    N_ASSIGN_SUB,
    N_ASSIGN_MUL,
    N_ASSIGN_DIV,
    N_ASSIGN_IDIV,
    N_ASSIGN_MOD,
    N_ASSIGN_POW,
    N_ASSIGN_BOR,

    N_EQUALS,
    N_NOTEQUALS,
    N_IS,
    N_IN,
    N_NOTIS,
    N_NOTIN,

    N_LT,
    N_GT,
    N_LE,
    N_GE,

    N_INC,
    N_DEC,

    N_VAR,
    N_LET,
    N_VARUNPACK,
    N_LETUNPACK,
    N_UNPACK,
    N_CONST,
    N_IF,
    N_SWITCH,
    N_FOR,
    N_FOROF,
    N_FOROFVAR,
    N_FOROFUNPACK,
    N_FOROFVARUNPACK,
    N_BREAK,
    N_CONTINUE,
    N_FUNCDEF,
    N_RETURN,
    N_DEFER,
    N_PASS,
    N_REQUIRE,
    N_TRY,
    N_THROW,
    N_LABEL,
    N_GOTO,
    N_CLASS,

    N_INLINE,

    N_IFEXPR,
    N_FUNCEXPR,

    N_LOGOR,
    N_LOGAND,
  } tag;

  struct _node_t *a;
  struct _node_t *b;
  struct _node_t *c;
  struct _node_t *d;

  list_t *l;

  table_t *h;
  table_t *h2;

  token_t *t;

  size_t fi;
  size_t pos;
};
typedef struct _node_t node_t;

node_t *node_pos(node_t *node, size_t fi, size_t pos) {
  node->fi = fi;
  node->pos = pos;

  return node;
}

node_t *nodet(int tag, token_t *t) {
  node_t *node = malloc(sizeof(node_t));

  node->tag = tag;
  node->t = t;

  return node;
}

#define NODET(n, a) (node_pos(nodet(N_##n, (a)), ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->fi, ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->pos))

node_t *nodel(int tag, list_t *l) {
  node_t *node = malloc(sizeof(node_t));

  node->tag = tag;
  node->l = l;

  return node;
}

#define NODEL(n, a) (node_pos(nodel(N_##n, (a)), ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->fi, ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->pos))

node_t *nodetl(int tag, token_t *t, list_t *l) {
  node_t *node = malloc(sizeof(node_t));

  node->tag = tag;
  node->t = t;
  node->l = l;

  return node;
}

#define NODETL(n, t, l) (node_pos(nodetl(N_##n, (t), (l)), ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->fi, ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->pos))

node_t *nodeh(int tag, table_t *h) {
  node_t *node = malloc(sizeof(node_t));

  node->tag = tag;
  node->h = h;

  return node;
}

#define NODEH(n, a) (node_pos(nodeh(N_##n, (a)), ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->fi, ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->pos))

node_t *node0(int tag) {
  node_t *node = malloc(sizeof(node_t));

  node->tag = tag;

  return node;
}

#define NODE0(n) (node_pos(node0(N_##n), ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->fi, ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->pos))

node_t *node1(int tag, node_t *a) {
  node_t *node = malloc(sizeof(node_t));

  node->tag = tag;
  node->a = a;

  return node;
}

#define NODE1(n, a) (node_pos(node1(N_##n, (a)), ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->fi, ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->pos))

node_t *node1l(int tag, node_t *a, list_t *l) {
  node_t *node = malloc(sizeof(node_t));

  node->tag = tag;
  node->a = a;
  node->l = l;

  return node;
}

#define NODE1l(n, a, l) (node_pos(node1l(N_##n, (a), (l)), ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->fi, ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->pos))

node_t *node1t(int tag, node_t *a, token_t *t) {
  node_t *node = malloc(sizeof(node_t));

  node->tag = tag;
  node->a = a;
  node->t = t;

  return node;
}

#define NODE1t(n, a, t) (node_pos(node1t(N_##n, (a), (t)), ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->fi, ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->pos))

node_t *node2(int tag, node_t *a, node_t *b) {
  node_t *node = malloc(sizeof(node_t));

  node->tag = tag;
  node->a = a;
  node->b = b;

  return node;
}

#define NODE2(n, a, b) (node_pos(node2(N_##n, (a), (b)), ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->fi, ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->pos))

node_t *node2l(int tag, node_t *a, node_t *b, list_t *l) {
  node_t *node = malloc(sizeof(node_t));

  node->tag = tag;
  node->a = a;
  node->b = b;
  node->l = l;

  return node;
}

#define NODE2l(n, a, b, l) (node_pos(node2l(N_##n, (a), (b), (l)), ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->fi, ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->pos))

node_t *node2t(int tag, node_t *a, node_t *b, token_t *t) {
  node_t *node = malloc(sizeof(node_t));

  node->tag = tag;
  node->a = a;
  node->b = b;
  node->t = t;

  return node;
}

#define NODE2t(n, a, b, c) (node_pos(node2t(N_##n, (a), (b), (c)), ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->fi, ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->pos))

node_t *node3(int tag, node_t *a, node_t *b, node_t *c) {
  node_t *node = malloc(sizeof(node_t));

  node->tag = tag;
  node->a = a;
  node->b = b;
  node->c = c;

  return node;
}

#define NODE3(n, a, b, c) (node_pos(node3(N_##n, (a), (b), (c)), ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->fi, ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->pos))

node_t *node4(int tag, node_t *a, node_t *b, node_t *c, node_t *d) {
  node_t *node = malloc(sizeof(node_t));

  node->tag = tag;
  node->a = a;
  node->b = b;
  node->c = c;
  node->d = d;

  return node;
}

#define NODE4(n, a, b, c, d) (node_pos(node4(N_##n, (a), (b), (c), (d)), ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->fi, ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->pos))

node_t *nodef(int tag, token_t *name, table_t *params, table_t *captured, node_t *body) {
  node_t *node = malloc(sizeof(node_t));

  node->tag = tag;
  node->t = name;
  node->h = params;
  node->h2 = captured;
  node->a = body;

  return node;
}

#define NODEF(n, a, b, c, d) (node_pos(nodef(N_##n, (a), (b), (c), (d)), ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->fi, ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->pos))

#define AT(tk) (*pos < tokens->length && ((token_t *)tokens->data[*pos])->tag == T_##tk)
#define ATP(tk, p) ((*pos)+p < tokens->length && ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)+p])->tag == T_##tk)
#define MATCH(tk) (AT(tk) && ++(*pos))
#define PARSE_ERROR(fmt, ...) { format_error(GETFNAME(((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->fi), GETSRC(((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->fi), ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])->pos, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__); exit(1); }
#define EXPECT(tk, s) { if (!MATCH(tk)) PARSE_ERROR("expected %s", (s)); }

node_t *parse_expr(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos);

list_t *parse_sequence(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos, int term) {
  list_t *seq = list_new();

  do {
    if (term != -1 && *pos < tokens->length && ((token_t *)tokens->data[*pos])->tag == term)
      break;

    list_push(seq, parse_expr(tokens, pos));
  } while (MATCH(COMMA));

  return seq;
}

node_t *parse_func(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos, int is_expr);

node_t *parse_primary(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos) {
  if (MATCH(FUNC))
    return parse_func(tokens, pos, 1);
  else if (MATCH(LPAR)) {
    if (MATCH(RPAR))
      return NODE0(NILTUPLE);

    node_t *a = parse_expr(tokens, pos);

    if (MATCH(COMMA)) {
      list_t *l = list_new();
      list_push(l, a);

      if (!AT(RPAR))
        do {
          node_t *n = parse_expr(tokens, pos);

          list_push(l, n);
        } while (MATCH(COMMA));

      a = NODEL(TUPLE, l);
    }

    EXPECT(RPAR, ")");

    return a;
  } else if (MATCH(LSB)) {
    list_t *a = parse_sequence(tokens, pos, T_RSB);

    EXPECT(RSB, "]");

    return NODEL(LIST, a);
  } else if (MATCH(LCB)) {
    table_t *table = table_new();

    do {
      if (AT(RCB))
        break;

      if (!AT(NAME) && !AT(STRING))
        PARSE_ERROR("expected identifier or string");

      char *key = ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)++])->text;

      EXPECT(COLON, ":");

      node_t *val = parse_expr(tokens, pos);

      table_set(table, key, val);
    } while (MATCH(COMMA));

    EXPECT(RCB, "}");

    return NODEH(TABLE, table);
  } else if (MATCH(NUMBER) || MATCH(STRING) || MATCH(NAME))
    return NODET(LITERAL, tokens->data[(*pos)-1]);

  PARSE_ERROR("expected expression");

  return NULL;
}

size_t get_lineno(token_t *tok) {
  size_t line, col;
  traverse(GETSRC(tok->fi), tok->pos, &line, &col);

  return line;
}

#define CLIFF (get_lineno(((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>0?(*pos)-1:(*pos)])) != get_lineno(((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>=tokens->length?tokens->length-1:(*pos)])))
#define CLIFF_AHEAD (get_lineno(((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)>=tokens->length?tokens->length-1:(*pos)])) != get_lineno(((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)+1>=tokens->length?tokens->length-1:(*pos)+1])))

node_t *parse_call(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos) {
  node_t *a = parse_primary(tokens, pos);

  do {
    if (!CLIFF && MATCH(LPAR)) {
      list_t *b = NULL;

      if (!AT(RPAR))
        b = parse_sequence(tokens, pos, -1);

      EXPECT(RPAR, ")");

      a = NODE1l(CALL, a, b);

      continue;
    } else if (!CLIFF && MATCH(LSB)) {
      node_t *b = parse_expr(tokens, pos);

      EXPECT(RSB, "]");

      a = NODE2(INDEX, a, b);

      continue;
    } else if (!CLIFF && MATCH(DOT)) {
      if (!AT(NAME))
        PARSE_ERROR("expected identifier after .");

      a = NODE1t(MEMBER, a, tokens->data[(*pos)++]);

      continue;
    }

    break;
  } while (1);

  return a;
}

node_t *parse_postfix(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos) {
  node_t *a = parse_call(tokens, pos);

  if (CLIFF)
    return a;

  if (MATCH(PLUSPLUS))
    return NODE1(INC, a);
  else if (MATCH(MINUSMINUS))
    return NODE1(DEC, a);

  return a;
}

node_t *parse_unary(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos) {
  if (MATCH(MINUS)) {
    node_t *a = parse_unary(tokens, pos);

    return NODE1(NEGATE, a);
  } else if (MATCH(BANG)) {
    node_t *a = parse_unary(tokens, pos);

    return NODE1(NOT, a);
  } else if (MATCH(TILDE)) {
    node_t *a = parse_unary(tokens, pos);

    return NODE1(BNOT, a);
  }

  return parse_postfix(tokens, pos);
}

node_t *parse_pow(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos) {
  node_t *a = parse_unary(tokens, pos);

  do {
    if (MATCH(STARSTAR)) {
      node_t *b = parse_unary(tokens, pos);

      a = NODE2(POW, a, b);

      continue;
    }

    break;
  } while (1);

  return a;
}

node_t *parse_mul(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos) {
  node_t *a = parse_pow(tokens, pos);

  do {
    if (MATCH(STAR)) {
      node_t *b = parse_pow(tokens, pos);

      a = NODE2(MUL, a, b);

      continue;
    } else if (MATCH(SLASH)) {
      node_t *b = parse_pow(tokens, pos);

      a = NODE2(DIV, a, b);

      continue;
    } else if (MATCH(SLASHSLASH)) {
      node_t *b = parse_pow(tokens, pos);

      a = NODE2(IDIV, a, b);

      continue;
    } else if (MATCH(PERCENT)) {
      node_t *b = parse_pow(tokens, pos);

      a = NODE2(MOD, a, b);

      continue;
    }

    break;
  } while (1);

  return a;
}

node_t *parse_add(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos) {
  node_t *a = parse_mul(tokens, pos);

  do {
    if (MATCH(PLUS)) {
      node_t *b = parse_mul(tokens, pos);

      a = NODE2(ADD, a, b);

      continue;
    } else if (MATCH(MINUS)) {
      node_t *b = parse_mul(tokens, pos);

      a = NODE2(SUB, a, b);

      continue;
    }

    break;
  } while (1);

  return a;
}

node_t *parse_shift(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos) {
  node_t *a = parse_add(tokens, pos);

  do {
    if (MATCH(LTLT)) {
      node_t *b = parse_add(tokens, pos);

      a = NODE2(SHL, a, b);

      continue;
    } else if (MATCH(GTGT)) {
      node_t *b = parse_add(tokens, pos);

      a = NODE2(SHR, a, b);

      continue;
    }
    break;
  } while (1);

  return a;
}

node_t *parse_relation(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos) {
  node_t *a = parse_shift(tokens, pos);

  do {
    if (MATCH(LT)) {
      node_t *b = parse_shift(tokens, pos);

      a = NODE2(LT, a, b);

      continue;
    } else if (MATCH(GT)) {
      node_t *b = parse_shift(tokens, pos);

      a = NODE2(GT, a, b);

      continue;
    } else if (MATCH(LE)) {
      node_t *b = parse_shift(tokens, pos);

      a = NODE2(LE, a, b);

      continue;
    } else if (MATCH(GE)) {
      node_t *b = parse_shift(tokens, pos);

      a = NODE2(GE, a, b);

      continue;
    }

    break;
  } while (1);

  return a;
}

node_t *parse_equality(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos) {
  node_t *a = parse_relation(tokens, pos);

  do {
    if (MATCH(EQUALS)) {
      node_t *b = parse_relation(tokens, pos);

      a = NODE2(EQUALS, a, b);

      continue;
    } else if (MATCH(NOTEQUALS)) {
      node_t *b = parse_relation(tokens, pos);

      a = NODE2(NOTEQUALS, a, b);

      continue;
    } else if (MATCH(IS)) {
      node_t *b = parse_relation(tokens, pos);

      a = NODE2(IS, a, b);

      continue;
    } else if (AT(BANG) && ATP(IS, 1)) {
      EXPECT(BANG, "!");
      EXPECT(IS, "is");

      node_t *b = parse_relation(tokens, pos);

      a = NODE2(NOTIS, a, b);

      continue;
    } else if (MATCH(IN)) {
      node_t *b = parse_relation(tokens, pos);

      a = NODE2(IN, a, b);

      continue;
    } else if (AT(BANG) && ATP(IN, 1)) {
      EXPECT(BANG, "!");
      EXPECT(IN, "in");

      node_t *b = parse_relation(tokens, pos);

      a = NODE2(NOTIN, a, b);

      continue;
    }

    break;
  } while (1);

  return a;
}

node_t *parse_bitand(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos) {
  node_t *a = parse_equality(tokens, pos);

  while (MATCH(AND)) {
    node_t *b = parse_equality(tokens, pos);

    a = NODE2(BAND, a, b);
  }

  return a;
}

node_t *parse_bitxor(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos) {
  node_t *a = parse_bitand(tokens, pos);

  while (MATCH(RAISE)) {
    node_t *b = parse_bitand(tokens, pos);

    a = NODE2(XOR, a, b);
  }

  return a;
}

node_t *parse_bitor(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos) {
  node_t *a = parse_bitxor(tokens, pos);

  while (MATCH(BAR)) {
    node_t *b = parse_bitxor(tokens, pos);

    a = NODE2(BOR, a, b);
  }

  return a;
}

node_t *parse_logand(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos) {
  node_t *a = parse_bitor(tokens, pos);

  if (MATCH(ANDAND)) {
    node_t *b = parse_logand(tokens, pos);

    return NODE2(LOGAND, a, b);
  }

  return a;
}

node_t *parse_logor(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos) {
  node_t *a = parse_logand(tokens, pos);

  if (MATCH(BARBAR)) {
    node_t *b = parse_logor(tokens, pos);

    return NODE2(LOGOR, a, b);
  }

  return a;
}

node_t *parse_assignment(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos);

node_t *parse_conditional(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos) {
  node_t *a = parse_logor(tokens, pos);

  if (MATCH(QM)) {
    node_t *b = parse_assignment(tokens, pos);

    EXPECT(COLON, ":");

    node_t *c = parse_assignment(tokens, pos);

    return NODE3(IFEXPR, a, b, c);
  }

  return a;
}

node_t *parse_assignment(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos) {
  node_t *a = parse_conditional(tokens, pos);

  if (MATCH(ASSIGN)) {
    node_t *b = parse_assignment(tokens, pos);

    return NODE2(ASSIGN, a, b);
  } else if (MATCH(PLUSASSIGN)) {
    node_t *b = parse_assignment(tokens, pos);

    return NODE2(ASSIGN_ADD, a, b);
  } else if (MATCH(MINUSASSIGN)) {
    node_t *b = parse_assignment(tokens, pos);

    return NODE2(ASSIGN_SUB, a, b);
  } else if (MATCH(STARASSIGN)) {
    node_t *b = parse_assignment(tokens, pos);

    return NODE2(ASSIGN_MUL, a, b);
  } else if (MATCH(SLASHASSIGN)) {
    node_t *b = parse_assignment(tokens, pos);

    return NODE2(ASSIGN_DIV, a, b);
  } else if (MATCH(SLASHSLASHASSIGN)) {
    node_t *b = parse_assignment(tokens, pos);

    return NODE2(ASSIGN_IDIV, a, b);
  } else if (MATCH(PERCENTASSIGN)) {
    node_t *b = parse_assignment(tokens, pos);

    return NODE2(ASSIGN_MOD, a, b);
  } else if (MATCH(STARSTARASSIGN)) {
    node_t *b = parse_assignment(tokens, pos);

    return NODE2(ASSIGN_POW, a, b);
  } else if (MATCH(BARASSIGN)) {
    node_t *b = parse_assignment(tokens, pos);

    return NODE2(ASSIGN_BOR, a, b);
  }

  return a;
}

node_t *parse_expr(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos) {
  return parse_assignment(tokens, pos);
}

node_t *parse_stmt(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos);

node_t *parse_block(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos) {
  EXPECT(LCB, "{");

  list_t *stmts = list_new();
  while (!AT(EOF) && !AT(RCB))
    list_push(stmts, parse_stmt(tokens, pos));

  EXPECT(RCB, "}");

  return NODEL(PROGRAM, stmts);
}

#define BLOCK() (CLIFF||MATCH(COLON)?parse_stmt(tokens, pos):parse_block(tokens, pos))

node_t *parse_if(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos) {
  node_t *a = parse_expr(tokens, pos);
  node_t *b = BLOCK();
  node_t *c = NULL;

  if (MATCH(ELSE))
    c = BLOCK();
  else if (MATCH(ELIF))
    c = parse_if(tokens, pos);

  return NODE3(IF, a, b, c);
}

node_t *parse_var(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos, int is_let) {
  table_t *h = table_new();

  do {
    if(!AT(NAME))
      PARSE_ERROR("expected identifier");

    char *k = ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)++])->text;
    node_t *v = NULL;

    if (is_let) {
      EXPECT(ASSIGN, "=");

      v = parse_expr(tokens, pos);
    } else if (MATCH(ASSIGN))
      v = parse_expr(tokens, pos);

    table_set(h, k, v);
  } while (MATCH(COMMA));

  if (is_let)
    return NODEH(LET, h);

  return NODEH(VAR, h);
}

node_t *parse_unpack(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos, int tag) {
  EXPECT(LPAR, "(");

  list_t *l = list_new();

  do {
    if(!AT(NAME))
      PARSE_ERROR("expected identifier");

    list_push(l, ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)++])->text);
  } while (MATCH(COMMA));

  EXPECT(RPAR, ")");
  EXPECT(ASSIGN, "=");

  node_t *a = parse_expr(tokens, pos);

  if (tag == N_VARUNPACK)
    return NODE1l(VARUNPACK, a, l);
  else if (tag == N_LETUNPACK)
    return NODE1l(LETUNPACK, a, l);

  return NODE1l(UNPACK, a, l);
}

node_t *parse_func(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos, int is_expr) {
  token_t *name = NULL;

  if (!is_expr) {
    if(!AT(NAME))
      PARSE_ERROR("expected identifier");

    name = tokens->data[(*pos)++];
  }

  EXPECT(LPAR, "(");

  table_t *params = NULL;

  if (!AT(RPAR)) {
    int flag = 0;

    params = table_new();

    size_t argc = 0;

    do {
      if(!AT(NAME))
        PARSE_ERROR("expected identifier");

      char *l = ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)++])->text;
      node_t *r = NULL;

      if (!flag && AT(ASSIGN))
        flag = 1;

      if (flag) {
        EXPECT(ASSIGN, "=");

        r = parse_expr(tokens, pos);
      }

      list_t *pair = list_new();

      size_t *argcp = malloc(sizeof(size_t));
      memcpy(argcp, &argc, sizeof(size_t));

      argc++;

      list_push(pair, argcp);
      list_push(pair, r);

      table_set(params, l, pair);
    } while (MATCH(COMMA));
  }

  EXPECT(RPAR, ")");

  table_t *captured = NULL;

  if (MATCH(USE)) {
    EXPECT(LPAR, "(");

    captured = table_new();

    do {
      if(!AT(NAME))
        PARSE_ERROR("expected identifier");

      token_t *name = tokens->data[(*pos)++];

      table_set(captured, name->text, NODET(LITERAL, name));
    } while (MATCH(COMMA));

    EXPECT(RPAR, ")");
  }

  int colon = AT(COLON);

  node_t *body = BLOCK();

  if (colon && body->tag == N_EXPRSTMT)
    body = NODE1(RETURN, body->a);

  if (is_expr)
    return NODEF(FUNCEXPR, NULL, params, captured, body);

  return NODEF(FUNCDEF, name, params, captured, body);
}

node_t *parse_stmt(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos) {
  if (MATCH(LCB)) {
    list_t *stmts = list_new();

    while (!AT(EOF) && !AT(RCB)) {
      node_t *n = parse_stmt(tokens, pos);

      MATCH(SEMI);

      list_push(stmts, n);
    }

    EXPECT(RCB, "}");

    return NODEL(BLOCK, stmts);
  } else if (MATCH(VAR)) {
    if (AT(LPAR))
      return parse_unpack(tokens, pos, N_VARUNPACK);

    return parse_var(tokens, pos, 0);
  } else if (MATCH(LET)) {
    if (AT(LPAR))
      return parse_unpack(tokens, pos, N_LETUNPACK);

    return parse_var(tokens, pos, 1);
  } else if (MATCH(UNPACK))
    return parse_unpack(tokens, pos, N_UNPACK);
  else if (MATCH(CONST)) {
    table_t *h = table_new();

    do {
      if(!AT(NAME))
        PARSE_ERROR("expected identifier");

      char *k = ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)++])->text;

      if (!(k[0] >= 'A' && k[0] <= 'Z'))
        PARSE_ERROR("compile-time constant identifiers must begin with an uppercase letter, but '%s' does not", k);

      if (table_get(h, k))
        PARSE_ERROR("duplicated compile-time constant definition: '%s'", k);

      EXPECT(ASSIGN, "=");

      node_t *v = parse_expr(tokens, pos);

      table_set(h, k, v);
    } while (MATCH(COMMA));

    return NODEH(CONST, h);
  } else if (MATCH(IF))
    return parse_if(tokens, pos);
  else if (MATCH(SWITCH)) {
    node_t *a = parse_expr(tokens, pos);

    EXPECT(LCB, "{");

    list_t *cases = list_new();

    for (;;) {
      if (AT(RCB) || AT(DEFAULT)) break;

      EXPECT(CASE, "case");

      node_t *expr = parse_expr(tokens, pos);

      MATCH(COLON);

      list_t *stmts = list_new();

      while (!AT(CASE) && !AT(DEFAULT) && !AT(RCB))
        list_push(stmts, parse_stmt(tokens, pos));

      list_t *pair = list_new();
      list_push(pair, expr);
      list_push(pair, NODEL(PROGRAM, stmts));

      list_push(cases, pair);
    }

    node_t *b = NULL;

    if (MATCH(DEFAULT)) {
      MATCH(COLON);

      list_t *stmts = list_new();

      while (!AT(RCB))
        list_push(stmts, parse_stmt(tokens, pos));

      b = NODEL(PROGRAM, stmts);
    }

    EXPECT(RCB, "}");

    if (!cases->length && !b)
      PARSE_ERROR("empty switch statement");

    return NODE2l(SWITCH, a, b, cases);
  } else if (MATCH(FOR)) {
    node_t *a = NULL;
    node_t *b = NULL;
    node_t *c = NULL;

    if (!AT(LCB) && !AT(COLON) && !CLIFF) {
      if (MATCH(LPAR)) {
        list_t *l = list_new();

        do {
          if(!AT(NAME))
            PARSE_ERROR("expected identifier");

          list_push(l, ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)++])->text);
        } while (MATCH(COMMA));

        EXPECT(RPAR, ")");
        EXPECT(OF, "of");

        a = parse_expr(tokens, pos);
        b = BLOCK();

        return NODE2l(FOROFUNPACK, a, b, l);
      }

      if (AT(NAME) && ATP(OF, 1)) {
        token_t *t = tokens->data[(*pos)++];

        EXPECT(OF, "of");

        a = parse_expr(tokens, pos);
        b = BLOCK();

        return NODE2t(FOROF, a, b, t);
      }

      if (MATCH(VAR)) {
        if (MATCH(LPAR)) {
          list_t *l = list_new();

          do {
            if(!AT(NAME))
              PARSE_ERROR("expected identifier");

            list_push(l, ((token_t *)tokens->data[(*pos)++])->text);
          } while (MATCH(COMMA));

          EXPECT(RPAR, ")");
          EXPECT(OF, "of");

          a = parse_expr(tokens, pos);
          b = BLOCK();

          return NODE2l(FOROFVARUNPACK, a, b, l);
        }

        if (AT(NAME) && ATP(OF, 1)) {
          token_t *t = tokens->data[(*pos)++];

          EXPECT(OF, "of");

          a = parse_expr(tokens, pos);
          b = BLOCK();

          return NODE2t(FOROFVAR, a, b, t);
        }

        a = parse_var(tokens, pos, 0);
        EXPECT(SEMI, ";");
        b = parse_expr(tokens, pos);
        EXPECT(SEMI, ";");
        c = parse_expr(tokens, pos);
      } else a = parse_expr(tokens, pos);
    }

    node_t *d = BLOCK();

    return NODE4(FOR, a, b, c, d);
  } else if (MATCH(BREAK)) return NODE0(BREAK);
  else if (MATCH(CONTINUE)) return NODE0(CONTINUE);
  else if (MATCH(FUNC))
    return parse_func(tokens, pos, 0);
  else if (MATCH(RETURN)) {
    node_t *a = NULL;

    if (!AT(RCB) && !AT(EOF) && !CLIFF)
      a = parse_expr(tokens, pos);

    return NODE1(RETURN, a);
  } else if (MATCH(DEFER)) {
    node_t *a;

    if (AT(LCB))
      a = BLOCK();
    else a = parse_stmt(tokens, pos);

    return NODE1(DEFER, a);
  } else if (MATCH(PASS)) return NODE0(PASS);
  else if (MATCH(TRY)) {
    node_t *a = BLOCK();
    token_t *t = NULL;

    EXPECT(CATCH, "catch");

    if (!AT(COLON) && !AT(LCB) && !CLIFF) {
      if (!AT(NAME))
        PARSE_ERROR("expected identifier");

      t = tokens->data[(*pos)++];
    }

    node_t *b = BLOCK();

    return NODE2t(TRY, a, b, t);
  } else if (MATCH(THROW)) {
    node_t *a = NULL;

    if (!CLIFF)
      a = parse_expr(tokens, pos);

    return NODE1(THROW, a);
  } else if (MATCH(GOTO)) {
    if(!AT(NAME))
      PARSE_ERROR("expected identifier");

    token_t *t = tokens->data[(*pos)++];

    return NODET(GOTO, t);
  } else if (AT(NAME) && ATP(COLON, 1) && !CLIFF_AHEAD) {
    token_t *t = tokens->data[(*pos)++];

    EXPECT(COLON, ":");

    return NODET(LABEL, t);
  } else if (MATCH(CLASS)) {
    if(!AT(NAME))
      PARSE_ERROR("expected identifier");

    token_t *t = tokens->data[(*pos)++];

    list_t *l = NULL;

    if (MATCH(LPAR)) {
      l = list_new();

      do {
        if(!AT(NAME))
          PARSE_ERROR("expected identifier");

        token_t *t = tokens->data[(*pos)++];

        list_push(l, t);
      } while (MATCH(COMMA));

      EXPECT(RPAR, ")");
    }

    EXPECT(LCB, "{");

    list_t *triples = list_new();

    for (;;) {
      if (!AT(NAME))
        break;

      list_t *triple = list_new();

      token_t *t = tokens->data[(*pos)++];
      list_push(triple, t);

      if (MATCH(ASSIGN)) {
        list_push(triple, t);
        list_push(triple, parse_expr(tokens, pos));
      } else {
        list_push(triple, NULL);
        list_push(triple, parse_func(tokens, pos, 1));
      }

      list_push(triples, triple);
    }

    EXPECT(RCB, "}");

    list_t *pair = list_new();
    list_push(pair, l);
    list_push(pair, triples);

    return NODETL(CLASS, t, pair);
  } else if (MATCH(INLINE)) {
    if (!AT(STRING))
      PARSE_ERROR("expected string");

    token_t *t = tokens->data[(*pos)++];

    return NODET(INLINE, t);
  }

  node_t *n = parse_expr(tokens, pos);

  return NODE1(EXPRSTMT, n);
}

node_t *parse_program(list_t *tokens, size_t *pos) {
  if (AT(EOF))
    PARSE_ERROR("empty program");

  list_t *stmts = list_new();

  int flag = 0;

  while (!AT(EOF) && *pos < tokens->length) {
    node_t *n;

    if (MATCH(REQUIRE)) {
      if (flag)
        PARSE_ERROR("misplaced require statement")

      if (!AT(STRING))
        PARSE_ERROR("expected string");

      token_t *path = tokens->data[(*pos)++];

      n = NODET(REQUIRE, path);
    } else { n = parse_stmt(tokens, pos); flag = 1; }

    MATCH(SEMI);

    list_push(stmts, n);
  }

  return NODEL(TOPLEVEL, stmts);
}

node_t *parse(char *source) {
  size_t pos = 0;

  return parse_program(tokenize(source), &pos);
}

#define NEWGID() size_t gid = GID++
 
#define EMIT(fmt, ...) buffer_fmt(buf, (fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__);
#define BINOP(s) { EMIT("qi_" s "(state, "); compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->a); EMIT(", "); compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->b); EMIT(")"); }
#define UNOP(s) { EMIT("qi_" s "(state, "); compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->a); EMIT(")"); }
#define ASSIGN(lhs, rhs) {\
  if ((lhs)->tag == N_LITERAL && (lhs)->t->tag == T_NAME) {\
    EMIT("qi_set(state, false, \"%s\", ", (lhs)->t->text);\
    rhs;\
    EMIT(")");\
  } else if ((lhs)->tag == N_INDEX) {\
    EMIT("qi_index_set(state, false, ");\
    compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, (lhs)->a);\
    EMIT(", ");\
    compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, (lhs)->b);\
    EMIT(", ");\
    rhs;\
    EMIT(")");\
  } else if ((lhs)->tag == N_MEMBER) {\
    EMIT("qi_index_set(state, false, ");\
    compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, (lhs)->a);\
    EMIT(", qi_make_string(state, \"%s\"), ", (lhs)->t->text);\
    rhs;\
    EMIT(")");\
  } else COMPILE_ERROR("illegal assignment left-hand side");\
}
#define COMPASSIGN(lhs, s, rhs) {\
  ASSIGN(node->a, {\
    EMIT("qi_%s(state, ", s);\
    compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, (lhs));\
    EMIT(", ");\
    rhs;\
    EMIT(")");\
  });\
}
#define COMPILE_ERROR(fmt, ...) { format_error(GETFNAME(node->fi), GETSRC(node->fi), node->pos, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__); exit(1); }

void compile_node(buffer_t *gbuf, buffer_t *buf, list_t *ctx, stack_t *lstk, list_t *lbl, node_t *node);

void compile_list(buffer_t *gbuf, buffer_t *buf, list_t *ctx, stack_t *lstk, list_t *lbl, list_t *seq) {
  if (!seq || seq->length < 1) {
    EMIT("NULL");

    return;
  }

  buffer_t *tbuf = buffer_new();

  NEWGID();

  buffer_fmt(tbuf, "inline static qi_list_t *__list%d(qi_state_t *state) {\n", gid);
  buffer_fmt(tbuf, "qi_list_t *list = qi_list_make_n(%d);\n", seq->length);

  for (size_t i = 0; i < seq->length; i++) {
    buffer_fmt(tbuf, "qi_list_data(list, %d) = ", i);

    compile_node(gbuf, tbuf, ctx, lstk, lbl, seq->data[i]);

    buffer_fmt(tbuf, ";\n");
  }

  buffer_fmt(tbuf, "return list;\n");
  buffer_fmt(tbuf, "}\n");

  buffer_appendb(gbuf, tbuf);

  EMIT("__list%d(state)", gid);
}

void compile_table(buffer_t *gbuf, buffer_t *buf, list_t *ctx, stack_t *lstk, list_t *lbl, table_t *table) {
  if (!table || table->used < 1) {
    EMIT("NULL");

    return;
  }

  buffer_t *tbuf = buffer_new();

  NEWGID();

  buffer_fmt(tbuf, "inline static qi_table_t *__table%d(qi_state_t *state) {\n", gid);
  buffer_fmt(tbuf, "qi_table_t *table = qi_table_make();\n");

  table_iterate(table, {
    buffer_fmt(tbuf, "qi_table_set(table, \"%s\", ", entry.key);

    compile_node(gbuf, tbuf, ctx, lstk, lbl, entry.value);

    buffer_fmt(tbuf, ");\n");
  });

  buffer_fmt(tbuf, "return table;\n");
  buffer_fmt(tbuf, "}\n");

  buffer_appendb(gbuf, tbuf);

  EMIT("__table%d(state)", gid);
}

#define CTXPUSH(s) list_push(ctx, (s))
#define CTXPOP() list_pop(ctx)

int in_context(list_t *ctx, char *s) {
  if (!ctx->length)
    return 0;

  for (ssize_t i = ctx->length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    if (strcmp(ctx->data[i], "gap") == 0)
      break;
    else if (strcmp(ctx->data[i], s) == 0)
      return 1;
  }

  return 0;
}

size_t count_ctxs(list_t *ctx, char *s) {
  if (!ctx->length)
    return 0;

  size_t k = 0;

  for (ssize_t i = ctx->length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
    if (strcmp(ctx->data[i], "gap") == 0)
      break;
    else if (strcmp(ctx->data[i], s) == 0)
      k++;
  }

  return k;
}

#define INCTX(s) (in_context(ctx, (s)))
#define SCOPESK (count_ctxs(ctx, "scope"))
#define TRAPSK (count_ctxs(ctx, "trap"))

#define LPUSH(i) stack_push(lstk, (i))
#define LPOP() stack_pop(lstk)
#define LID (lstk->data[lstk->length-1])

#define LBPUSH() list_push(lbl, table_new())
#define LBPOP() list_pop(lbl)

char *tempvar() {
  NEWGID();

  char *s = malloc(sizeof(char) * 64);
  snprintf(s, 64, "__temp%zu", gid);

  return s;
}

void compile_func(buffer_t *gbuf, buffer_t *buf, list_t *ctx, stack_t *lstk, list_t *lbl, node_t *node, char *name) {
  NEWGID();

  buffer_t *tbuf = buffer_new();

  buffer_fmt(tbuf, "qi_value_t *__func%d(qi_state_t *state, qi_size_t pargc, qi_list_t *pargs) {\n", gid);

  LBPUSH();
  CTXPUSH("gap");
  CTXPUSH("func");

  size_t optargc = 0;

  if (node->h) {
    table_iterate(node->h, {
      list_t *pair = entry.value;

      size_t argc = *(size_t *)pair->data[0];

      if (pair->data[1]) {
        optargc++;

        buffer_fmt(tbuf, "qi_set(state, false, \"%s\", pargc >= %d? qi_list_index(pargs, %d): ", entry.key, argc+1, argc);
        compile_node(gbuf, tbuf, ctx, lstk, lbl, pair->data[1]);
        buffer_fmt(tbuf, ");\n");
      } else
        buffer_fmt(tbuf, "qi_set(state, false, \"%s\", qi_list_index(pargs, %d));\n", entry.key, argc);

      argc++;
    });
  }

  compile_node(gbuf, tbuf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->a);

  CTXPOP();
  CTXPOP();
  LBPOP();

  buffer_fmt(tbuf, "return state->nil;\n");
  buffer_fmt(tbuf, "}\n");

  buffer_appendb(gbuf, tbuf);

  tbuf = buffer_new();

  buffer_fmt(tbuf, "qi_make_function(state, \"%s\", %d, __func%d, ", name? name: node->t? node->t->text: "<anon>", !node->h? 0: (node->h->used - optargc), gid);
  compile_table(gbuf, tbuf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->h2);
  buffer_fmt(tbuf, ")");

  if (node->tag == N_FUNCEXPR) {
    buffer_appendb(buf, tbuf);

    return;
  }

  EMIT("qi_set(state, false, \"%s\", ", node->t->text);
  buffer_appendb(buf, tbuf);
  EMIT(");");
}

table_t *CONSTANTS;

void compile_block(buffer_t *gbuf, buffer_t *buf, list_t *ctx, stack_t *lstk, list_t *lbl, list_t *block, int toplevel) {
  for (size_t i = 0; i < block->length; i++) {
    node_t *node = block->data[i];

    if (node->tag == N_CONST) {
      if (!toplevel)
        COMPILE_ERROR("const is not on top-level")

      table_iterate(node->h, {
        char *name = entry.key;

        if (table_get(CONSTANTS, name))
          COMPILE_ERROR("redeclaration of compile-time constant: '%s'", name);

        table_set(CONSTANTS, name, entry.value);
      });
    } else if (node->tag == N_FUNCDEF) {
      compile_func(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node, NULL);

      EMIT("\n");
    } else if (node->tag == N_CLASS) {
      NEWGID();

      char *name = node->t->text;
      list_t *supers = list_index(node->l, 0);
      list_t *triples = list_index(node->l, 1);

      buffer_t *tbuf = buffer_new();

      buffer_fmt(tbuf, "qi_value_t *__class%d(qi_state_t *state) {\n", gid);
      buffer_fmt(tbuf, "qi_list_t *supers = qi_list_make_n(%d);\n", !supers? 0: supers->length);

      if (supers)
        for (size_t i = 0; i < supers->length; i++) {
          token_t *t = supers->data[i];

          buffer_fmt(tbuf, "qi_list_data(supers, %d) = qi_get(state, \"%s\");\n", i, t->text);        
        }

      buffer_fmt(tbuf, "qi_table_t *table = qi_table_make();\n");
      buffer_fmt(tbuf, "qi_table_t *metatable = qi_table_make();\n");

      for (size_t i = 0; i < triples->length; i++) {
        list_t *triple = triples->data[i];
        token_t *t = triple->data[0];

        buffer_t *methodname = buffer_new();
        buffer_fmt(methodname, "%s.%s", name, t->text);

        buffer_fmt(tbuf, "qi_table_set(%s, \"%s\", ", triple->data[1] != NULL? "table": "metatable", t->text);
        if (triple->data[1] == NULL)
          compile_func(gbuf, tbuf, ctx, lstk, lbl, triple->data[2], buffer_read(methodname));
        else
          compile_node(gbuf, tbuf, ctx, lstk, lbl, triple->data[2]);
        buffer_fmt(tbuf, ");\n");
      }

      buffer_fmt(tbuf, "qi_list_t *pargs = qi_list_make_n(4);\n");
      buffer_fmt(tbuf, "qi_list_data(pargs, 0) = qi_make_string(state, \"%s\");\n", name);
      buffer_fmt(tbuf, "qi_list_data(pargs, 1) = qi_make_list(state, supers);\n");
      buffer_fmt(tbuf, "qi_list_data(pargs, 2) = qi_make_table(state, table);\n");
      buffer_fmt(tbuf, "qi_list_data(pargs, 3) = qi_make_table(state, metatable);\n");

      buffer_fmt(tbuf, "return qi_call(state, qi_get(state, \"__class_wrapper\"), pargs);\n");
      buffer_fmt(tbuf, "}\n");

      buffer_appendb(gbuf, tbuf);

      EMIT("qi_set(state, false, \"%s\", __class%d(state));", name, gid);
    } else if (node->tag == N_LABEL) {
      char *label = node->t->text;

      if (table_get(list_index(lbl, -1), label))
        COMPILE_ERROR("duplicated label: '%s'", label);

      NEWGID();

      size_t *n = malloc(sizeof(size_t));
      memcpy(n, &gid, sizeof(size_t));

      table_set(list_index(lbl, -1), label, n);
    }
  }

  for (size_t i = 0; i < block->length; i++) {
    node_t *n = block->data[i];
    if (n->tag == N_FUNCDEF)
      continue;

    compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, n);

    EMIT("\n");
  }
}

const char *STD[][2] = {
  {"std",
    "func exit(c) {\n"
    "  if type(c) != \"number\"\n"
    "   throw \"expected first argument to be: number, but got: \" + type(c)\n"
    "  inline `int code = qi_get(state, \"c\")->value.number`\n"
    "  inline `exit(code)`\n"
    "}\n"
    "func head(l): return l[0]\n"
    "func tail(l): return slice(l, 1)\n"
    "func die(msg, c=1) {\n"
    "  println(msg)\n"
    "  exit(c)\n"
    "}\n"
    "const SEEK_SET = 0, SEEK_CUR = 1, SEEK_END = 2\n"
    "func frewind(file)\n"
    "  return file.rewind()\n"
    "func file_read(filename) {\n"
    "  let file = fopen(filename, \"r\")\n"
    "  defer fclose(file)\n"
    "  return str(fread(file, -1))\n"
    "}\n"
    "func file_write(filename, data) {\n"
    "  let file = fopen(filename, \"w\")\n"
    "  defer fclose(file)\n"
    "  fwrite(file, bytes(data))\n"
    "}\n"
    "func is_defined(name) {\n"
    "  if type(name) != \"string\"\n"
    "    throw \"expected first argument to be: string, but got: \" + type(name)\n"
    "  inline `bool b = qi_find(state, qi_get(state, \"name\")->value.string) != NULL`\n"
    "  inline `return qi_make_boolean(state, b)`\n"
    "}\n"
    "func list_remove(l, x, first=false) {\n"
    "  if type(l) != \"list\"\n"
    "    throw \"expected first argument to be: list, but got: \" + type(l)\n"
    "  repeat:\n"
    "  for var i = 0; i < len(l); i++\n"
    "    if l[i] == x {\n"
    "      list_delete(l, i)\n"
    "      if first\n"
    "        break\n"
    "      goto repeat\n"
    "    }\n"
    "}\n"
    "set_pseudomethod(\"list.remove\", list_remove)\n"
    "func list_join(l) {\n"
    "  if type(l) != \"list\"\n"
    "    throw \"expected first argument to be: list, but got: \" + type(l)\n"
    "  var r = \"\"\n"
    "  var s\n"
    "  if len(arguments) == 1\n"
    "    s = \"\"\n"
    "  else\n"
    "    s = arguments[1]\n"
    "  if type(s) != \"string\"\n"
    "    throw \"expected second argument to be: string, but got: \" + type(s)\n"
    "  var first = true\n"
    "  for var x of l {\n"
    "    if type(x) != \"string\"\n"
    "      throw \"expected sequence item to be: string, but got: \" + type(x)\n"
    "    if s != \"\" && !first\n"
    "      r += s\n"
    "    r += x\n"
    "    first = false\n"
    "  }\n"
    "  return r\n"
    "}\n"
    "set_pseudomethod(\"list.join\", list_join)\n"
    "func slice(l) {\n"
    "  if type(l) !in (\"list\", \"string\", \"bytes\")\n"
    "    throw \"expected first argument to be: list, string or bytes, but got: \" + type(l)\n"
    "  var r = []\n"
    "  if len(arguments) == 2 {\n"
    "    var f = arguments[1]\n"
    "    if type(f) != \"number\"\n"
    "      throw \"expected second argument to be: number, but got: \" + type(f)\n"
    "    for var i = f; i < len(l); i++\n"
    "      list_push(r, l[i])\n"
    "  } elif len(arguments) == 3 {\n"
    "    var f = arguments[1], t = arguments[2]\n"
    "    if type(f) != \"number\"\n"
    "      throw \"expected second argument to be: number, but got: \" + type(f)\n"
    "    if type(t) != \"number\"\n"
    "      throw \"expected third argument to be: number, but got: \" + type(t)\n"
    "    for var i = f; i < len(l) && i <= t; i++\n"
    "      list_push(r, l[i])\n"
    "  }\n"
    "  if type(l) == \"string\"\n"
    "    return list_join(r)\n"
    "  elif type(l) == \"bytes\"\n"
    "    return bytes(r)\n"
    "  return r\n"
    "}\n"
    "set_pseudomethod(\"list.slice\", slice)\n"
    "set_pseudomethod(\"string.slice\", slice)\n"
    "set_pseudomethod(\"bytes.slice\", slice)\n"
    "func Object(t, p=nil): return p !is nil? set_meta_table(p, get_meta_table(p) + t): set_meta_table({}, t)\n"
    "func is_object(o): return has_meta_table(o)\n"
    "func __class_wrapper(n, p, t, mt): return Object({\n"
    "    t: t,\n"
    "    mt: mt,\n"
    "    super: [],\n"
    "    __type: func (this) use (n): return n,\n"
    "    __str: func (this) use (n): return \"<class \" + n + \">\",\n"
    "    __call: func (this, pargs) use (p) {\n"
    "        var t = {}\n"
    "        var mt = {}\n"
    "        for var other of p {\n"
    "            t += other.t\n"
    "            mt += other.mt\n"
    "            list_push(this.super, other)\n"
    "        }\n"
    "        if len(this.super) == 1\n"
    "          this.super = this.super[0]\n"
    "        t += this.t\n"
    "        mt += this.mt\n"
    "        t.super = this.super\n"
    "        obj = set_meta_table(t, mt)\n"
    "        if \"constructor\" in mt\n"
    "          func_call(mt.constructor, [obj] + pargs)\n"
    "        return obj\n"
    "    }\n"
    "})\n"
    "inline `srand(time(NULL))`\n"
  },

  {"utf8",
    "func utf8_chrlen(s) {\n"
    "  s = bytes(s)\n"
    "  var z = len(s)\n"
    "  if z < 2\n"
    "    return z\n"
    "  var l = 1\n"
    "  for var i = 1; i < z && (s[i] & 0xc0) == 0x80; i++\n"
    "    l++\n"
    "  return l\n"
    "}\n"
    "func utf8_decode(s) {\n"
    "  s = bytes(s)\n"
    "  var l = utf8_chrlen(s)\n"
    "  if !l\n"
    "    throw \"malformed sequence\"\n"
    "  var c = (s[0] & ((1 << (8 - l)) - 1)) << (l - 1) * 6\n"
    "  for var i = 1; i < l; i++\n"
    "    c |= (s[i] & 0x3f) << (l - i - 1) * 6\n"
    "  return (c, l)\n"
    "}\n"
    "func utf8_encode(c) {\n"
    "  if c <= 0x7f\n"
    "    return bytes([c & 0xFF])\n"
    "  elif c >= 0x80 && c <= 0x7ff\n"
    "    return bytes([0xC0 | ((c >> 6) & 0x1f), 0x80 | (c & 0x3f)])\n"
    "  elif c >= 0x800 && c <= 0xfff\n"
    "    return bytes([0xe0 | ((c >> 12) & 0xf), 0x80 | ((c >> 6) & 0x3f), 0x80 | (c & 0x3f)])\n"
    "  elif c >= 0x10000 && c <= 0x10ffff\n"
    "    return bytes([0xf0 | ((c >> 18) & 0x7), 0x80 | ((c >> 12) & 0x3f), 0x80 | ((c >> 6) & 0x3f), 0x80 | (c & 0x3f)])\n"
    "  throw \"malformed codepoint\"\n"
    "}\n"
  },

  {"str",
    "let STR_LETTERS = \"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\"\n"
    "let STR_ASCII_LC = \"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\"\n"
    "let STR_ASCII_UC = \"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\"\n"
    "let STR_DIGITS = \"0123456789\"\n"
    "func is_char(c): return type(c) == \"string\" && len(c) == 1\n"
  },

  {NULL, NULL}
};

char *unescape(char *s) {
  buffer_t *buf = buffer_new();

  for (size_t i = 0; i < strlen(s); i++) {
    char c = s[i];

    if (c == '\\') {
      char nc = s[i+1];
      if (!nc)
        continue;

      switch (nc) {
        case 'n':
          buffer_append(buf, '\n');
          break;

        default:
          buffer_append(buf, nc);
          break;
      }

      i++;
    } else buffer_append(buf, c);
  }

  return buffer_read(buf);
}

void compile_into(char *source, buffer_t *gbuf, buffer_t *buf, list_t *ctx, stack_t *lstk, list_t *lbl);

int require_once(buffer_t *gbuf, buffer_t *buf, list_t *ctx, stack_t *lstk, list_t *lbl, char *path) {
  char *source = NULL;

  for (size_t i = 0; STD[i][0]; i++) {
    if (strcmp(path, STD[i][0]) == 0) {
      source = (char *)STD[i][1];

      break;
    }
  }

  if (is_required(path))
    return 1;

  if (!source) {
    FILE *fd = fopen(path, "rb");
    if (!fd)
      return -1;

    buffer_t *fbuf = buffer_new();

    for (;;) {
      char line[512];

      if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), fd))
        break;

      buffer_appends(fbuf, line);
    }

    source = buffer_read(fbuf);
    path = realpath(path, NULL);
  }

  list_t *pair = list_new();
  list_push(pair, path);
  list_push(pair, source);

  list_push(FILES, pair);

  compile_into(source, gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl);

  list_pop(FILES);
  list_push(REQUIRED, path);

  return 0;
}

void compile_node(buffer_t *gbuf, buffer_t *buf, list_t *ctx, stack_t *lstk, list_t *lbl, node_t *node) {
  switch (node->tag) {
    case N_TOPLEVEL: case N_PROGRAM:
      compile_block(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->l, node->tag == N_TOPLEVEL);
      break;

    case N_EXPRSTMT:
      EMIT("(void)(");
      compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->a);
      EMIT(");");
      break;

    case N_BLOCK:
      LBPUSH();
      CTXPUSH("scope");
      EMIT("qi_new_scope(state);\n");
      compile_block(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->l, 0);
      EMIT("qi_old_scope(state);");
      CTXPOP();
      LBPOP();
      break;

    case N_LITERAL:
      switch (node->t->tag) {
        case T_NUMBER: {
          char *number = node->t->text;
          
          if (strncmp(number, "0o", 2) == 0 || strncmp(number, "0b", 2) == 0) {
            buffer_t *buf = buffer_new();

            if (number[1] == 'o')
              buffer_fmt(buf, "0%s", number + 2);
            else
              buffer_fmt(buf, "%d", strtol(number + 2, NULL, 2));

            number = buffer_read(buf);
          } else if (number[0] == '0' && number[1] && isdigit(number[1])) {
            size_t i;
            for (i = 0; i < strlen(number); i++)
              if (number[i] != '0' || number[i+1] == '.')
                break;

            number += i;
          }

          EMIT("qi_make_number(state, %s)", number);
          } break;

        case T_STRING:
          if (!*(node->t->text)) {
            EMIT("state->empty_string");
          } else {
            EMIT("qi_make_string(state, \"%s\")", node->t->text);
          }
          break;

        case T_NAME: {
          char *name = node->t->text;
          node_t *n = table_get(CONSTANTS, name);

          if (n)
            compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, n);
          else
            EMIT("qi_get(state, \"%s\")", name);
          } break;

        default:
          COMPILE_ERROR("not yet implemented");
      }
      break;

    case N_LIST:
      EMIT("qi_make_list(state, ");
      compile_list(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->l);
      EMIT(")");
      break;

    case N_TUPLE:
      EMIT("qi_make_tuple(state, ");
      compile_list(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->l);
      EMIT(")");
      break;

    case N_NILTUPLE: EMIT("state->empty_tuple"); break;

    case N_TABLE:
      EMIT("qi_make_table(state, ");
      compile_table(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->h);
      EMIT(")");
      break;

    case N_CALL:
      EMIT("qi_call(state, ");
      compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->a);
      EMIT(", ");
      compile_list(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->l);
      EMIT(")");
      break;

    case N_MEMBER:
      EMIT("qi_index(state, ");
      compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->a);
      EMIT(", qi_make_string(state, \"%s\"))", node->t->text);
      break;

    case N_INDEX:
      EMIT("qi_index(state, ");
      compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->a);
      EMIT(", ");
      compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->b);
      EMIT(")");
      break;

    case N_ASSIGN: ASSIGN(node->a, compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->b)); break;

    case N_ASSIGN_ADD: COMPASSIGN(node->a, "add", compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->b)); break;
    case N_ASSIGN_SUB: COMPASSIGN(node->a, "sub", compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->b)); break;
    case N_ASSIGN_MUL: COMPASSIGN(node->a, "mul", compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->b)); break;
    case N_ASSIGN_DIV: COMPASSIGN(node->a, "div", compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->b)); break;
    case N_ASSIGN_IDIV: COMPASSIGN(node->a, "idiv", compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->b)); break;
    case N_ASSIGN_MOD: COMPASSIGN(node->a, "mod", compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->b)); break;
    case N_ASSIGN_POW: COMPASSIGN(node->a, "pow", compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->b)); break;
    case N_ASSIGN_BOR: COMPASSIGN(node->a, "bor", compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->b)); break;

    case N_INC: 
      COMPASSIGN(node->a, "add", EMIT("state->one"));
      break;

    case N_DEC: 
      COMPASSIGN(node->a, "sub", EMIT("state->one"));
      break;

    case N_VAR: case N_LET: 
      table_iterate(node->h, {
        EMIT("qi_%s(state, \"%s\", ", node->tag == N_LET? "decl_const": "decl", entry.key);
        
        if (entry.value)
          compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, entry.value);
        else EMIT("state->nil");

        EMIT(");\n");
      });
    break;

    case N_UNPACK: case N_VARUNPACK: case N_LETUNPACK: {
      NEWGID();

      EMIT("qi_value_t *__temp%d = ", gid);
      compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->a);
      EMIT(";\n");

      for (size_t i = 0; i < node->l->length; i++)
        if (node->tag == N_UNPACK) {
          EMIT("qi_set(state, false, \"%s\", qi_index(state, __temp%d, qi_make_number(state, %d)));\n", node->l->data[i], gid, i);
        } else {
          EMIT("%s(state, \"%s\", qi_index(state, __temp%d, qi_make_number(state, %d)));\n", node->tag == N_VARUNPACK? "qi_decl": "qi_decl_const", node->l->data[i], gid, i);
        }
    } break;

    case N_CONST:break;

    case N_IF:
      EMIT("if (_qi_truthy(state, ");
      compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->a);
      EMIT(")) {\n");
      compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->b);
      if (node->c) {
        EMIT("} else {\n");
        compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->c);
      }
      EMIT("}");
      break;

    case N_SWITCH: {
      NEWGID();
      char *varname = tempvar();

      EMIT("qi_value_t *%s = ", varname);
      compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->a);
      EMIT(";\n");

      for (size_t i = 0; i < node->l->length; i++) {
        list_t *pair = node->l->data[i];
        char *label = tempvar();

        EMIT("if (_qi_equals(state, %s, ", varname);
        compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, pair->data[0]);
        EMIT(")) goto %s;\n", label);

        pair->data[0] = label;
      }

      EMIT("goto __default%d;\n", gid); 

      LPUSH(gid);
      CTXPUSH("switch");

      for (size_t i = 0; i < node->l->length; i++) {
        list_t *pair = node->l->data[i];
        char *label = pair->data[0];
        node_t *block = pair->data[1];

        EMIT("%s:;\n", label);
        compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, block);
      }

      EMIT("__default%d:;\n", gid);

      if (node->b)
        compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->b);

      CTXPOP();
      LPOP();

      EMIT("__break%d:;\n", gid);
      } break;

    case N_FOR: {
      NEWGID();

      if (!node->a) {
        EMIT("for (;;) {\n");
      } else if (node->a && !node->b) {
        EMIT("while (_qi_truthy(state, ");
        compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->a);
        EMIT(")) {\n");
      } else {
        compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->a);
        EMIT("while (_qi_truthy(state, ");
        compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->b);
        EMIT(")) {\n");
      }

      LPUSH(gid);
      CTXPUSH("for");
      compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->d);

      if (node->c) {
        compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->c);

        EMIT(";\n");
      }

      CTXPOP();
      LPOP();

      EMIT("__continue%d:;\n", gid);
      EMIT("}\n");

      EMIT("__break%d:;\n", gid);
      } break;

    case N_FOROF: case N_FOROFVAR: case N_FOROFUNPACK: case N_FOROFVARUNPACK: {
      NEWGID();
      char *varname = tempvar();

      EMIT("qi_value_t *%s = qi_iter(state, ", varname);
      compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->a);
      EMIT(");\n");

      if (node->tag == N_FOROFVAR) {
        EMIT("qi_decl(state, \"%s\", state->nil);\n", node->t->text);
      } else if (node->tag == N_FOROFVARUNPACK) {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < node->l->length; i++)
          EMIT("qi_decl(state, \"%s\", state->nil);\n", node->l->data[i]);
      }

      EMIT("for (qi_size_t length = _qi_length(state, %s), i = 0; i < length; i++) {\n", varname);

      if (node->tag == N_FOROFUNPACK || node->tag == N_FOROFVARUNPACK) {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < node->l->length; i++)
          EMIT("qi_set(state, false, \"%s\", qi_index(state, qi_index(state, %s, qi_make_number(state, i)), qi_make_number(state, %d)));\n", node->l->data[i], varname, i);
      } else 
        EMIT("qi_set(state, false, \"%s\", qi_index(state, %s, qi_make_number(state, i)));\n", node->t->text, varname);

      LPUSH(gid);
      CTXPUSH("for");
      compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->b);
      CTXPOP();
      LPOP();

      EMIT("__continue%d:;\n", gid);
      EMIT("}\n");

      EMIT("__break%d:;\n", gid);
      } break;

    case N_BREAK:
      if (!INCTX("for") && !INCTX("switch"))
        COMPILE_ERROR("break outside of a loop or a switch");

      EMIT("goto __break%d;", LID);
      break;

    case N_CONTINUE:
      if (!INCTX("for"))
        COMPILE_ERROR("continue outside of a loop");

      EMIT("goto __continue%d;", LID);
      break;

    case N_DEFER: {
      NEWGID();

      buffer_t *tbuf = buffer_new();

      buffer_fmt(tbuf, "void __defer%d(qi_state_t *state) {\n", gid);

      LBPUSH();
      CTXPUSH("gap");
      compile_node(gbuf, tbuf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->a);
      CTXPOP();
      LBPOP();

      buffer_fmt(tbuf, "\n");
      buffer_fmt(tbuf, "}\n");

      buffer_appendb(gbuf, tbuf);

      EMIT("qi_add_defer(state, -1, __defer%d);", gid);
      } break;

    case N_RETURN:
      if (!INCTX("func"))
        COMPILE_ERROR("return outside of a function");

      for (size_t i = 0; i < SCOPESK; i++)
        EMIT("qi_old_scope(state);\n");

      for (size_t i = 0; i < TRAPSK; i++)
        EMIT("qi_unset_trap(state, trap);\n");

      EMIT("return ");

      if (node->a)
        compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->a);
      else EMIT("state->nil");

      EMIT(";");
      break;

    case N_FUNCDEF: break;
    case N_CLASS: break;
    case N_PASS: break;

    case N_TRY:
      EMIT("qi_try(state, {\n");
      compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->a);
      EMIT("}, {\n");
      if (node->t)
        EMIT("qi_decl(state, \"%s\", trap->value);\n", node->t->text);
      CTXPUSH("trap");
      compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->b);
      CTXPOP();
      EMIT("}, NULL);\n");
      break;

    case N_THROW:
      EMIT("qi_throw(state, ");
      if (node->a)
        compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->a);
      else {
        EMIT("state->nil");
      }
      EMIT(");");
      break;

    case N_LABEL: {
      size_t *gid = table_get(list_index(lbl, -1), node->t->text);

      EMIT("__label%d:;", *gid);
      } break;

    case N_GOTO: {
      char *label = node->t->text;
      size_t *gid = table_get(list_index(lbl, -1), label);
      if (!gid)
        COMPILE_ERROR("undefined label: '%s'", label);

      EMIT("goto __label%d;", *gid);
      } break;

    case N_REQUIRE: {
      char *path = unescape(node->t->text);

      if (require_once(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, path) < 0)
        COMPILE_ERROR("'%s' is not a valid file path or a builtin library name", path);
      } break;

    case N_IFEXPR:
      EMIT("(_qi_truthy(state, ");
      compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->a);
      EMIT(")? ");
      compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->b);
      EMIT(": ");
      compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node->c);
      EMIT(")");
      break;

    case N_FUNCEXPR:
      compile_func(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, node, NULL);
      break;

    case N_EQUALS:
      BINOP("equals");
      break;

    case N_NOTEQUALS:
      BINOP("not_equals");
      break;

    case N_IS:
      BINOP("is");
      break;

    case N_NOTIS:
      BINOP("not_is");
      break;

    case N_IN:
      BINOP("in");
      break;

    case N_NOTIN:
      BINOP("not_in");
      break;

    case N_LT:
      BINOP("lt");
      break;

    case N_GT:
      BINOP("gt");
      break;

    case N_LE:
      BINOP("le");
      break;

    case N_GE:
      BINOP("ge");
      break;

    case N_ADD:
      BINOP("add");
      break;

    case N_SUB:
      BINOP("sub");
      break;

    case N_MUL:
      BINOP("mul");
      break;

    case N_DIV:
      BINOP("div");
      break;

    case N_IDIV:
      BINOP("idiv");
      break;

    case N_MOD:
      BINOP("mod");
      break;

    case N_POW:
      BINOP("pow");
      break;

    case N_SHL:
      BINOP("shl");
      break;

    case N_SHR:
      BINOP("shr");
      break;

    case N_XOR:
      BINOP("xor");
      break;

    case N_BOR:
      BINOP("bor");
      break;

    case N_BAND:
      BINOP("band");
      break;

    case N_LOGOR:
      BINOP("or");
      break;

    case N_LOGAND:
      BINOP("and");
      break;

    case N_NEGATE:
      UNOP("negate");
      break;

    case N_NOT:
      UNOP("not");
      break;

    case N_BNOT:
      UNOP("bnot");
      break;

    case N_INLINE: EMIT("%s;", unescape(node->t->text)); break;

    default:
      COMPILE_ERROR("not yet implemented");
  }
}

void compile_into(char *source, buffer_t *gbuf, buffer_t *buf, list_t *ctx, stack_t *lstk, list_t *lbl) {
  node_t *n = parse(source);

  compile_node(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, n);
}

char *compile(char *source) {
  list_t *ctx = list_new();
  stack_t *lstk = stack_new();
  list_t *lbl = list_new();
  LBPUSH();
  
  buffer_t *gbuf = buffer_new();

  buffer_appends(gbuf, "#include <qirt.h>\n");

  buffer_t *buf = buffer_new();

  require_once(gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl, "std");
  compile_into(source, gbuf, buf, ctx, lstk, lbl);

  buffer_t *rbuf = buffer_new();

  buffer_appendb(rbuf, gbuf);

  buffer_appends(rbuf, "int main(int argc, char **argv) {\n");
  buffer_appends(rbuf, "qi_state_t *state;\n");
  buffer_appends(rbuf, "qi_state_init(&state);\n");
  buffer_appendb(rbuf, buf);
  buffer_appends(rbuf, "qi_old_scope(state);\n");
  buffer_appends(rbuf, "qi_finalize();\n");
  buffer_appends(rbuf, "return 0;\n");
  buffer_appends(rbuf, "}\n");
  
  return buffer_read(rbuf);
}

char *compile_file(char *filename, FILE *fd) {
  buffer_t *buf = buffer_new();

  for (;;) {
    char line[512];

    if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), fd))
      break;

    buffer_appends(buf, line);
  }

  char *source = buffer_read(buf);

  list_t *pair = list_new();
  list_push(pair, filename);
  list_push(pair, source);

  list_push(FILES, pair);

  char *out = compile(source);

  list_pop(FILES);

  return out;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
  FILES = list_new();
  REQUIRED = list_new();
  CONSTANTS = table_new();

  char *out = compile_file("<stdin>", stdin);

  fwrite(out, sizeof(char), strlen(out), stdout);

  return 0;
}